Tag: bankruptcy filing

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BANKRUPTCY DISCHARGE ORDER: OBSESSED CREDITOR LOSES APPEAL OF THE DISCHARGE ORDER

bankruptcy dischargeWe hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Brandon Blog, please scroll to the very bottom and click play on the podcast.

What does bankruptcy discharge mean in Canada?

A bankruptcy filing is a form of insolvency process under Canadian bankruptcy law available to individuals and businesses. Bankruptcy deals with a person’s or company’s debt load and assets. After performing a detailed initial assessment, the licensed insolvency trustee will be in a position to advise the debtor if they will be better serviced through a restructuring process as an alternative to bankruptcy (consumer proposal or Division I Proposal for individuals, Division I Proposal or Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act bankruptcy protection for companies) with creditors, or whether the debtor will be better served filing for bankruptcy.

The final piece of any bankruptcy process for an individual is the bankruptcy discharge. Individuals who go bankrupt are entitled to a discharge from bankruptcy. Companies are only entitled to one if every bankruptcy claim filed is paid in full, with interest. Because this never happens, companies do not receive a bankruptcy discharge. It is not impossible, but for this reason, it really does not happen.

If you are thinking about filing an assignment in bankruptcy, then you may be wondering about the bankruptcy discharge process and how it will affect you. Many people think their debts are eliminated at the moment of their bankruptcy filing.

This is incorrect. It is the bankruptcy discharge that will remove all (with certain limited exceptions) of your unsecured debts from your life and will result in letting you move forward with a clean slate. In this Brandon Blog, I discuss the bankruptcy discharge process and a recent decision of the Supreme Court of British Columbia hearing an appeal to the decision of the Master sitting as bankruptcy registrar on a bankrupt’s application for discharge.bankruptcy discharge

Bankruptcy discharge and its consequences for the bankrupt

When you are granted a bankruptcy discharge, this means that those debts caught by your bankruptcy are no longer your responsibility. This means that every action from creditors or the collection agencies they have retained stops trying to collect the debt obligations.

As I previously mentioned, most almost all debts are wiped off your slate when you receive your discharge from bankruptcy. The kinds of debts that remain even after a bankruptcy discharge are:

  • spousal or child support payments;
  • fines or penalties mandated by the court;
  • claims arising from fraud or fraudulent breach of trust;
  • student loan debt if less than 7 years have passed since the bankrupt stopped being a part-time or full-time student.
  • any kind of financial debts that are secured against your assets, such as a home mortgage or automobile financing, are not discharged as a result of your bankruptcy discharge.

These sorts of financial debts endure after bankruptcy as they are not released. The individual will be required to continue paying those financial obligations according to their terms. All various other financial obligations are discharged and do not have to be paid.

What are the types of bankruptcy discharge?

If there is no Trustee opposition or creditor opposition to a bankrupt’s application for discharge, and the bankrupt has fulfilled all of their duties of a bankrupt, in most situations, the licensed insolvency trustee can issue an automatic discharge which provides the bankrupt with an absolute discharge from bankruptcy.

If there is an opposition or the bankrupt meets one of the criteria that does not allow for an automatic discharge (such as the bankruptcy process finding the bankrupt a high income tax debt situation), there must be a discharge hearing in court which is heard by a Master of the court sitting as the registrar in bankruptcy. There are 4 types of bankruptcy discharge and a 5th bankruptcy outcome is also possible. They are:

  1. absolute – an absolute discharge means the bankrupt is entitled to an immediate discharge. This can be given by the licensed insolvency trustee in the bankruptcy estate handling the bankruptcy administration if the bankrupt has fulfilled all of their duties and there is no trustee or creditor opposition;
  2. conditional discharge – can get a discharge after meeting one or more conditions. The most common type of condition of discharge involves paying a sum of money to the licensed insolvency trustee;
  3. suspended – the bankrupt’s discharge will take place at a later date and may very well be combined with either an absolute bankruptcy discharge or conditional bankruptcy discharge;
  4. refused– the court refused to grant a bankruptcy discharge probably because the bankrupt has failed to provide full disclosure or perform other bankruptcy duties; or
  5. “no order”– the Trustee advises the court that regardless of the time period that has passed, the bankrupt has actually not satisfied every one of his or her obligations and the bankrupt has actually failed to reply to the Trustee’s demands for information. In this situation, when the “no order” order is provided, the licensed insolvency trustee is at liberty to seek its discharge. Once the bankrupt person has actually fulfilled the requirements set by the court, the bankrupt can re-apply for a discharge hearing by the court.bankruptcy discharge

For a first-time bankrupt with no surplus income who fulfills of their duties, including attending the 2 mandatory credit counselling sessions, they are entitled to their bankruptcy discharge after a bankruptcy period of 9 months from the date of bankruptcy.

If this is your second bankruptcy a discharge will not be available after 9 months. A 2nd bankruptcy lasts for a minimum of 24 months if you do not have any surplus income payments to make to the Trustee. If you have surplus income, a second-time bankrupt must make those monthly payments for 36 months before they are entitled to a bankruptcy discharge.

For a 3rd or subsequent bankruptcy, the timeline is the same as the 2nd time bankrupt. However, it is much more possible that there will certainly be resistance to the discharge by the Trustee or the creditors. The court can also impose whatever conditions it sees fit.

Creditor objects to the decision of the Master on bankrupt’s application for discharge

On July 9, 2021, the decision in Hanlon (Re), 2021 BCSC 1348 in the Supreme Court of British Columbia was released. This was an appeal from an order by the bankruptcy registrar of the Supreme Court of British Columbia dated April 28, 2021 in Hanlon (Re), 2021 BCSC 800, VA B190492. This is an appeal under s. 192(4) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. B-3 (BIA), from an order of a master of that Court, sitting as a registrar in bankruptcy, granting the bankrupt, Mr. Hanlon, a bankruptcy discharge that was made conditional on his paying $7,500 to the Trustee.

The appellant, Ms. Johnson, is one of Mr. Hanlon’s creditors. She states that the registrar erred in approving the discharge on those terms. If the appeal is allowed, she looks for an order refusing Mr. Hanlon’s application for a discharge, with leave to apply again in two years, or alternatively, giving a discharge conditional on his paying $50,000. The appeal is opposed by both Mr. Hanlon the bankrupt, and the Trustee. The appeal was heard by Judge Milman, Canada’s bankruptcy legislation, the BIA states that a person dissatisfied with an order or decision of a registrar can appeal that decision to a judge of that court who in that capacity is sitting as a bankruptcy judge.

The alleged errors made by the registrar in the making of the order of conditional discharge

Ms. Johnson argued that the registrar made certain errors in granting the conditional bankruptcy discharge order. Ms. Johnson says that in granting the bankruptcy discharge on those terms, the registrar erred as follows:

  • in concluding that Mr. Hanlon had complied with the injunction resulting from Ms. Johnson’s original successful litigation against Mr. Hanlon when he had not;
  • in falling short to take into account Mr. Hanlon’s refusal to agree with the accuracy of the trial judge; and
  • in failing to consider Mr. Hanlon’s real income earning potential.bankruptcy discharge

The standard of review on such an appeal

There is a standard of review on such an appeal from an order of a bankruptcy discharge hearing. S. 192(1) of the BIA gives the bankruptcy registrar the authority to, amongst other things, grant orders of discharge. S. 192(4) of the BIA allows a party dissatisfied with an order or decision of a
registrar may appeal it to a judge.

In granting an order of discharge in the bankruptcy process, the registrar is exercising judicial discretion. If the registrar has acted reasonably, the judge should not set it aside or ignore it. Further, if an appeal from a bankruptcy discharge order is based on alleged errors in findings of fact, the court will not interfere if there is no overriding error in the findings of fact and there is evidence from which the findings of fact could be made. Discretionary decisions may, naturally, be overturned if the registrar has materially misinterpreted the law or made an error in respect of the facts underlying the use of that discretion.

When a registrar’s decision in a bankruptcy discharge hearing imposes conditions, those conditions must be realistic for the bankrupt to perform in a reasonable period of time. Where the amount ordered was unrealistic and the bankrupt’s discharge is conditional on making additional payments, the appeal court did hold that results in an error of law and the appellate judge can either substitute the conditions or refer the matter back to the registrar for reconsideration.

The judge’s decision on the appeal from the registrar’s bankruptcy discharge order

The judge dismissed the appeal finding there were no overriding errors made by the registrar. With respect to the amount of $7,500 ordered as a condition of discharge from bankruptcy, the judge found as follows:

Ms. Johnson says that the registrar did not consider Mr. Hanlon’s untapped earning capacity and instead concentrated practically completely on her arguments of his potential inheritance. She suggests that Mr. Hanlon could be earning more than he is. In her opinion, he could earn more to enable him to make a settlement of $50,000 rather than the $7,500 that was ordered.

Mr. Hanlon’s real historic earnings offered adequate assistance for the registrar’s verdict that he was incapable of paying any more than the $7,500 that she ordered for him, did not have the financial prospects himself to do so and without getting personal loans from family members to help him with that. That was properly decided by the registrar based on the evidence before her.

The judge found that there is no merit in this or any other of the grounds of appeal. He found no error in the registrar’s decision, and having found the discharge condition that she imposed to have been reasonable in the circumstances, he dismissed the appeal.

Bankruptcy discharge summary

I hope that you found this bankruptcy discharge Brandon Blog interesting and that you now have a good appreciation for the process at the end of the administration for a person who files for bankruptcy and the considerations of the court if someone appeals a bankruptcy discharge order. Problems will arise when you are cash-starved and in debt. There are several insolvency processes available to a person or company with too much debt.

If you are concerned because you or your business are dealing with substantial debt challenges, you need debt help and you assume bankruptcy is your only option, call me.

It is not your fault that you remain in this way. You have actually been only shown the old ways to try to deal with financial issues. These old ways do not work anymore.

The Ira Smith Team utilizes new modern-day ways to get you out of your debt difficulties with debt relief options as alternatives to bankruptcy. We can get you the relief you need and so deserve. Our professional advice will create for you a personalized debt-free plan for you or your company during our no-cost initial consultation.

The tension put upon you is big. We know your discomfort factors. We will check out your entire situation and design a new approach that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. We will take the weight off of your shoulders and blow away the dark cloud hanging over you. We will design a debt settlement strategy for you. We know that we can help you now.

We understand that people and businesses facing financial issues need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” method with the Ira Smith Team. Not everyone has to file bankruptcy in Canada. The majority of our clients never do as we know the alternatives to bankruptcy. We help many people and companies stay clear of filing an assignment in bankruptcy.

That is why we can establish a new restructuring procedure for paying down debt that will be built just for you. It will be as one-of-a-kind as the economic issues and discomfort you are encountering. If any one of these seems familiar to you and you are serious about getting the solution you need to become debt-free, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. group today.

Call us now for a no-cost bankruptcy consultation.bankruptcy discharge

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

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Brandon Blog Post

BANKRUPTCY MEANS: SERIOUSLY, CAN IT EVER MEAN BEGGING FOR A BANKRUPTCY ANNULMENT?

The Ira Smith Trustee Team is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

Bankruptcy means introduction

From my perspective, bankruptcy means that a person or company has either filed an assignment in bankruptcy or the court has issued a bankruptcy order against the debtor. The debtor has taken the voluntary action to seek relief and the benefits obtained by doing so under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA). Or a court, based on the application of one or more creditors, has ordered that the BIA applies and the debtor is adjudged bankrupt.

As I have written in the past, this is different from insolvency. Insolvency is the financial state where a company or person cannot meet their liabilities as they come due or whose assets, if sold at fair value, would not be enough to pay off all of the liabilities. Bankruptcy is a legal state.

I recently read an article about Mr. Stanley Frank Ostrowski aka Frank Ostrowski, who lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mr. Ostrowski filed an assignment in bankruptcy on February 12, 2019. He listed his assets having a value of $250. He stated that his liabilities were $259,621. This is his second bankruptcy. His first was in 1983 and he received an absolute discharge in 1985.

The article states that Mr. Ostrowski has now made an application to the court to annul his bankruptcy. This Brandon’s Blog looks at: Is it possible to annul a bankruptcy and under what circumstances? Put another way, is it really the case that bankruptcy means you can file for bankruptcy and then say oops, I didn’t really want to file? I am not really sure that is how bankruptcies work.

The reasons why Mr. Ostrowski thinks bankruptcy means it can be annulled

In May 1987, a jury decided that Mr. Ostrowski was guilty of first-degree murder. In March 1992, he was found guilty of possession of cocaine for the purposes of trafficking. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison, concurrent with his life sentence for murder.

He served 23 years, 2 months and 24 days in prison. He got out of jail on December 18, 2009. In 2014, then federal justice minister Peter MacKay asked Manitoba’s Court of Appeal to review the case. Then justice minister MacKay believed that there was a miscarriage of justice with respect to the murder conviction.

In a November 2018 decision, the Court of Appeal set aside the conviction after it discovered a miscarriage of justice took place when two vital details were not revealed to the defence or the court. While the court set aside his conviction, it did not acquit him. In their decision, the three-judge panel said they thought there was enough proof against the accused, which the court could have found him guilty even if full disclosure had been made.

The court also held that it would be unfair to have another trial given that it had been 32 years since the shooting. The court also entered a judicial finding that the charge is stayed from further prosecution.

In June 2020, Mr. Ostrowski retained legal counsel to commence an action for damages because of his wrongful conviction. His lawyers have not yet launched the claim but they plan to. The article said that he will be seeking $16 million in compensation.

Now he wants to have his 2019 bankruptcy annulled. He believes he has a realistic chance of receiving sufficient compensation to be able to settle all his debts. So with all this background information, do I think his bankruptcy means that he can get his bankruptcy annulled?

Bankruptcy means: what happens if I declare bankruptcy?

I have written before about what happens when a person or company declares bankruptcy. There is a responsibility to make full disclosure to the licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee) (Trustee) all of your assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The debtor also must give to the Trustee all provincially non-exempt assets so that the Trustee can sell them for the benefit of the creditors.

In his bankruptcy filing documents, Mr. Ostrowski did not make mention of this potential lawsuit that had not yet been launched. He also did not indicate that he had the right to such an asset. If he had, there would be two realistic options.

He could have taken the position that the amount of recovery in a lawsuit not yet launched is unknown and speculative. So, the action should only be valued at $1 as a placeholder. By doing so, he would have made full disclosure to his creditors and to his Trustee as to the existence of this potential asset.

If Mr. Ostrowski had disclosed this asset and valued it at more than $259,371, then he would not have met the asset test for being insolvent and potentially would not have been able to file for bankruptcy. I say potentially because, in his affidavit, Mr. Ostrowski makes no mention of what his income and expenses were at the time of filing for bankruptcy or now. Mr. Ostrowski does not disclose in his affidavit whether or not he has to pay any surplus income to his Trustee for the benefit of his creditors.

Can bankruptcy be annulled?

Annulling a bankruptcy is more than just cancelling a bankruptcy. It is erasing it to the point as if it never happened. It is a complete elimination of the bankruptcy. If it was the person’s first bankruptcy, and it was annulled, they could honestly say they never were bankrupt.

To figure out what are the odds that Mr. Ostrowski will be successful in his application to annul his bankruptcy, we need to look at several factors. First, what reasons does Mr. Ostrowski say are the basis as to why his bankruptcy should be annulled?

In his affidavit sworn June 8, 2020, the reasons he gives are:

  1. “I have a realistic chance of receiving sufficient compensation to be able to settle my debts with my creditors in a manner that would be more advantageous to the creditors than if I pursue bankruptcy.”
  2. “I am advised by…” my lawyer “…that when he advised…” my Trustee, “… of my intention to seek an order annulling my assignment in bankruptcy…” my Trustee “…did not object to it.”.

That is it. No other reasons. To Mr. Ostrowski, his bankruptcy means that maybe perhaps he can do better for his creditors than they would get in his bankruptcy and his Trustee doesn’t object to his trying to annul his bankruptcy.

With all due respect to his legal counsel on this bankruptcy annulment application who only has what he has to work with, I rate those reasons somewhere between weak and lame! The bankruptcy annulment process was not designed for the convenience of the bankrupt.

Bankruptcy means when will a court annul a bankruptcy?

First, Section 181(1) of the BIA gives the court the authority to annul a bankruptcy. It says:

“181 (1) If, in the opinion of the court, a bankruptcy order ought not to have been made or an assignment ought not to have been filed, the court may by order annul the bankruptcy.”

This authority is discretionary. Generally, the court will only annul an assignment if it is shown that:

  • The debtor was not insolvent at the time of filing.
  • It was an abuse of process of the court
  • The debtor was trying to commit a fraud on his or her creditors.

If Mr. Ostrowski’s affidavit is the only evidence submitted in his application to annul his bankruptcy, he has not shown that the bankruptcy assignment “ought not to have been filed”.

Second, there have been cases where an assignment in bankruptcy has been annulled. The list of general reasons why the court found that a bankruptcy order ought not to have been made or an assignment ought not to have been filed are:

  1. An assignment in bankruptcy was completed and was to be held in escrow while the debtor negotiated with his creditors. The assignment was only to be filed if a resolution could not be worked out. A deal was reached but the assignment was filed in error. In other words, a verifiable mistake.
  2. The bankruptcy was of no benefit to the creditors. The creditors would receive a distribution but would bear all the costs of the bankruptcy administration.
  3. The debtor was restrained by court order from dealing with all of his assets without giving his estranged wife seven clear days’ notice and he filed an assignment in bankruptcy with no notice given.
  4. Joint assignment by a husband and wife where it was evident that a large amount of debt was from the husband’s unincorporated business and the wife was not in partnership with him.
  5. A bankruptcy assignment purportedly filed by an infant!
  6. The second assignment filed before the bankrupt received a discharge from the 1st bankruptcy.
  7. The husband filing an assignment in bankruptcy in an attempt to disgorge himself of his assets while embroiled in bitter family law proceedings.
  8. Directors of a company whose assets were already being administered under a court-appointed receiver having filed an assignment in bankruptcy for the company.

In all the above situations, the court DID annul the bankruptcy. The court did not agree that bankruptcy means it was the right choice in those situations.

Bankruptcy means when will a court NOT annul a bankruptcy?

Third, there have been cases where an assignment in bankruptcy was NOT annulled. The list of general reasons why the court found refusing the annulment request was appropriate are:

  1. The sole purpose of the bankruptcy was to rearrange the priorities of certain creditors.
  2. A bankruptcy to defeat the enforcement attempts of a judgment creditor.
  3. The sworn statement of affairs failed to show the name and amount of a creditor.
  4. The debtor had no assets.
  5. Debtor was insolvent and did not bring an application to annul the bankruptcy until 4 months after filing an assignment in bankruptcy. The court decided that an application to annul a bankruptcy only because the debtor did not wish to continue with the bankruptcy process should be brought immediately after the filing of the assignment in bankruptcy.

The last reason why the court did not annul a bankruptcy, is pretty much the reason Mr. Ostrowski says he wants his bankruptcy annulled. Only in his case, he is bringing the application some 18 months after becoming a bankrupt.

Interestingly enough, that last reason was a Manitoba case, Baker (Bankrupt), Re, 1997 CanLII 23100 (MB QB). In that case, the bankrupt contended that the Trustee filed the bankruptcy documents with the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy in error. However, she waited for 4 months and the court was not persuaded that the filing was an error!

In Mr. Ostrowski’s case, his reasons boil down to it will be more convenient for him! As you can probably tell by now, I don’t place a high probability of his chances of success in persuading the court to annul his bankruptcy. But then I am not the judge.

Bankruptcy means what should Mr. Ostrowski do?

The answer as to what his bankruptcy means and what Frank Ostrowski should do lies within the BIA. Mr. Ostrowski has two choices and I believe it will be what the court decides.

First, the BIA allows for a bankrupt, with the permission of the inspectors in his bankruptcy, if any, to file a restructuring proposal. He could get that started right now without any court application.

If his debts are truly over $250,000, based on the claims filed to date, then he can file a proposal under part III division I proposal under the BIA. If the claims filed are a total under $250,000, then he could file a consumer proposal. Either way, the administration would continue under the BIA.

His proposal would be a very simple one. It would essentially say that he has a claim against several parties for what his lawyer believes is $16 million. He knows he will get at least enough to pay all of his creditors in full. So, if you vote in favour of my proposal, if I win, enough money will be paid to the Trustee to pay all the creditors in full. If I don’t win, or there isn’t enough money to pay everyone in full, all creditors will share in whatever is available.

Once the restructuring proposal is accepted by his creditors and approved by the court, his bankruptcy is annulled. He will get exactly what he is asking for. His creditors will get paid presumably in full. They will not just get the chance to have their debts settled as Mr. Ostrowski states in his affidavit.

Second, section 144 of the BIA says that the bankrupt is entitled to any surplus remaining after payment of all creditor claims in full, with interest, and the cost of the bankruptcy administration. So, if Mr. Ostrowski is successful and gets $16 million, that money would go to his Trustee, after the legal costs of winning that award. The Trustee would keep what is necessary to pay all the claims in full, with interest, and the costs of the bankruptcy administration. Mr. Ostrowski would keep the rest.

I recommend the first way, the restructuring proposal route because that could get Mr. Ostrowski’s bankruptcy annulled fairly quickly, which is what he is asking for.

It will be interesting to see what the court decides. I will let you know when I find out.

Bankruptcy means summary

I hope you found this bankruptcy means Brandon’s Blog informative and interesting.

The Ira Smith Team family hopes that you and your family members are remaining secure, healthy and well-balanced. Our hearts go out to every person that has been affected either via misfortune or inconvenience.

We all must help each other to stop the spread of the coronavirus. Social distancing and self-quarantining are sacrifices that are not optional. Families are literally separated from each other. We look forward to the time when life can return to something near to typical and we can all be together once again.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. has constantly used clean, safe and secure ways in our professional firm and we continue to do so.

Income, revenue and cash flow shortages are critical issues facing entrepreneurs, their companies and individual Canadians. This is especially true these days. Some people think that bankruptcy means the end of their life. Bankruptcy should be a last resort for anyone. We strive to help people and companies avoid bankruptcy. But if bankruptcy is necessary, do not think of it as the end of life. It really is a fresh new beginning. That is what bankruptcy means.

If anyone needs our assistance for debt relief Canada COVID-19, or you just need some answers for questions that are bothering you, feel confident that Ira or Brandon can still assist you. Telephone consultations and/or virtual conferences are readily available for anyone feeling the need to discuss their personal or company situation.

The Ira Smith Trustee Team is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

bankruptcy means
bankruptcy means
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HOW HERTZ TEACHES US MODERN AND RISKY RULES OF BUSINESS BANKRUPTCY IN CANADA AND THE USA

business bankruptcy in canada
business bankruptcy in canada

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Stay healthy, well balanced and safe and secure everyone.

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this business bankruptcy in Canada and the USA Brandon’s Blog, please scroll to the bottom and click play on the podcast.

Business bankruptcy in Canada Introduction

Late in the day on Friday, May 22, 2020, Hertz Global Holdings Inc. (Hertz) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Delaware. The filing gives Hertz some breathing room to operate its business. During this time, Hertz also needs to come up with a business turnaround plan and a debt restructuring plan that creditors can support. The movement of Hertz stock last week teaches us some modern and risky rules of business bankruptcy in Canada and the United States.

Corporate bankruptcies and the Hertz investors

Hertz stock closed on the NASDAQ exchange on May 22 at US$2.84. It dipped to a low of US$0.40 on May 26. Legendary investor Carl Icahn sold all of his Hertz shares at an average price of $0.72. He dumped his 39% stake in Hertz at a loss of nearly $2 billion. Last Friday Hertz shares closed at US$2.57 per share. This morning, the trading touched US$3.40 per share.

So Hertz is up handsomely since May 26. Hertz has filed for bankruptcy protection. It doesn’t make sense that investors should be pushing the stock up. Hertz is selling off its fleet and further depressing the used car market. So far there is no indication that a business plan and debt reduction plan has been developed, let alone accepted by the creditors.

As far as assets, they have locations and a database of customers. But every major rental car company also has locations and a database. Whenever business and leisure travel resumes to pre-COVID-19 levels, if you can’t rent a car from Hertz you will rent it from a different company. So what are the non-fleet assets worth?

So on the surface, the investor money finding a home in Hertz stock and pushing up the stock price doesn’t make sense. So, are there savvy investors getting into Hertz or are they all just following the herd and will all end up losers?

Why Hertz filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection

Since 2014, Hertz has had four different CEOs. It is difficult to develop and implement a cohesive business strategy with such turmoil in the senior management ranks. As the coronavirus pandemic brought travelling to a sudden halt, Hertz suffered dramatically as a mass of its revenue depended on business travellers and vacationers renting vehicles when arriving at their destination airport. Nobody knows how long it will take until travel gets back to where it was and what Hertz needs it to be.

Hertz’s debt has been increasing as it invested heavily in its vehicle fleet. They may have also missed the mark in the mix of vehicles consumers want, requiring it to take on even more debt to make further fleet purchases. Hertz could no longer afford to make the interest payments on its debt load. At the time of its bankruptcy filing, Hertz had US$1 billion of cash and US$13 billion of debt.

The $13 billion in financing Hertz made use of to acquire its fleet of 500,000 automobiles. The financing was done via what is known as asset-backed securities. These are connected straight to the value of the vehicles. When the value of the cars drops, Hertz must make up the difference in cash within about three months, unless values rebound before that time.

However, with the coronavirus pounding the brakes on the economy and eliminating employment for so many, the drop in the value of used vehicles is expected to remain that way for a long time. Hertz knew that it could not make up the difference to its lenders when they made a demand, which was their right. Hence the bankruptcy filing.

The modern risky rules of investing in business bankruptcy in Canada and the USA

Normally, in a public company restructuring, it is not only the creditors that take a hit. Shareholders usually get a good drubbing. Share values fall and new shares are issued to raise capital. This further dilutes the holdings and value of those holdings for shareholders. But investors must believe that Hertz will come back. How else can you explain the surge in the share price?

Before this year, the company had ten consecutive quarters of positive growth. They were still losing money, just not as much. Investors must believe that Hertz will be able to survive. They must believe that the company although leaner and smaller, this is the time to jump on an opportunity to make money.

I am not a financial advisor, I am not saying whether this is a good or bad investment. It certainly is a very risky one. All I am saying is that as a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a trustee in bankruptcy) administering business bankruptcy in Canada, this does not make any sense to me.

I guess only time will tell if these investors pushing up the stock price are insightful risk-takers or losers. Carl Icahn doesn’t believe it.

Business bankruptcy in Canada and the USA summary

I hope you have found this business bankruptcy in Canada and the USA Brandon’s Blog helpful.

The Ira Smith Team family hopes that you and your family members are remaining secure, healthy and well-balanced. Our hearts go out to every person that has been affected either via misfortune or inconvenience.

We all must help each other to stop the spread of the coronavirus. Social distancing and self-quarantining are sacrifices that are not optional. Families are separated from each other. We look forward to the time when life can return to something near to typical and we can all be together once again.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. has constantly used clean, safe and secure ways in our professional firm and we continue to do so.

Revenue and cash flow shortages are critical issues facing entrepreneurs and their companies and businesses. This is especially true these days.

If anyone needs our assistance for debt relief Canada COVID, or you just need some answers for questions that are bothering you, feel confident that Ira or Brandon can still assist you. Telephone consultations and/or virtual conferences are readily available for anyone feeling the need to discuss their personal or company situation.

The Ira Smith Team is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

Stay healthy, well balanced and safe and secure everyone.

Categories
Brandon Blog Post

BANKRUPTCY SMALL BUSINESSES: COMPLETE BANKRUPTCY OPTIONS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES

bankruptcy small businesses

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Brandon’s Blog, please scroll to the bottom and click on the podcast

Bankruptcy small businesses introduction

The press has reported that certain Big Pharma have considered bankruptcy as part of negotiations to reach a settlement over their liability in the opioid crisis. Bankruptcy, or bankruptcy restructuring is not just for big companies. There are bankruptcy small businesses too.

Earlier this year, Insys Therapeutics Inc. in the United States ended up being the first opioid drugmaker to use the bankruptcy statute. It followed its US$225 million settlement with the Federal government. In recent months, there’s been a supposition that drugmakers might utilize insolvency laws as a means to run away from accountability.

Bankruptcy small businesses: That is not how bankruptcy protection works

Thankfully, that’s not how bankruptcy works. Instead, as I’ve learned in my experience in the Canadian bankruptcy space, insolvency procedures are developed to not only help debtors. It likewise assists creditors too.

Bankruptcy and restructuring proceedings are not best for every stakeholder every time. The end result always appears unreasonable to creditors because they are not being paid in full. However, it’s most definitely not the free ride for the company filing under the bankruptcy laws that many people think it will be. This is especially true in the area of bankruptcy small businesses.

Bankruptcy small businesses: What happens when a small business files for bankruptcy?

To many people, the thought of bankruptcy creates an adverse reaction. The reason is simple: a bankruptcy filing means there is not enough money to pay everyone 100 cents on the dollar.

But the system makes the best of a grim situation by imposing an organized and open process that preserves value and urges negotiation. Bankruptcy reorganizations by well-known brand names such as General Motors revealed that it can bring parties to the table to reach agreements that could not be made absent the structured reorganization laws. It also resurrects sick businesses.

At the most basic level, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA) and the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) develops for the estate to:

  • value and account for every one of the debtor’s assets into one proceeding;
  • recognize and classify creditor claims against the debtor;
  • in bankruptcy liquidation, sell the assets and distribute the money in priority of the claims of the creditors; and
  • for a bankruptcy restructuring, to take a hard look at productive assets and those no longer needed, value them, allow for selling off redundant assets to allow the company to continue in its healthy business side and offer the creditors a better deal than they would get in a liquidation.

Specifically how those essential parts of the bankruptcy and insolvency legislation play out in a specific bankruptcy small businesses situation will differ depending upon what kind of insolvency filing the borrower makes and the specific truths regarding the conduct of the debtor.

Bankruptcy small businesses: What types of bankruptcy can small businesses file?

When we hear about bankruptcy small businesses we normally think of a liquidation. However, debtors have two choices under the BIA: liquidation or reorganization.

Pure bankruptcy liquidation is designed to sell off the assets either as a whole to one buyer to allow for someone else to carry on the company’s business, or just sell pieces to many individual buyers. In the latter case, it means that business will not exist anymore.

The value obtained from the asset sale(s) will be distributed to the creditors in priority. First to statutory trust claimants, then to secured creditors, if any. If anything is left after that, it will then be distributed to unsecured creditors: first preferred unsecured and then ordinary unsecured.

On the other hand, a filing under the proposal provisions of Part III of the BIA allows for the company to attempt to reorganize. All aspects of the business will be looked at. The debtor can sell some of its assets that are underperforming or no longer fit into the restructured business plan. The cash raised can be used in the reorganization strategy that aims to resolve the current business problems and allow the company to come out of bankruptcy protection as a new and profitable viable business.

The BIA restructuring provisions are what would be used for bankruptcy small businesses. Large businesses (defined in this case as companies that owe more than $5 million) could use the same BIA proposal provisions. Alternatively, those large companies could also use the CCAA statute to reorganize. The specific situation will dictate what legislation is used for a reorganization.

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Bankruptcy small businesses: A restructuring attempt could go wrong

It is possible that companies that originally file under the BIA restructuring provisions ultimately become bankrupt. The reasons can vary.

The company may find that the financing it thought it had was no longer available, so they could not put forth a successful restructuring plan. So it will have no choice but to liquidate.

The company’s creditors may not believe that the restructuring plan pays them enough, is not a viable plan or there is too long to wait for too little money. In this case, the creditors when voting on the restructuring plan will vote in sufficient numbers to tank the restructuring. Any company that tries to restructure under the BIA and receives a sufficiently negative vote, is deemed to have filed an assignment in bankruptcy. In such a case, the only remaining option will be a liquidation, probably through a bankruptcy small businessses.

For a business wanting to make it through a restructuring, a successful plan needs lender assistance or a sufficiently strong cash flow so that the restructuring will be funded properly. If there is insufficient cash to fund the restructuring, the Trustee will have to report that to the creditors. The Trustee will also have to recommend against the restructuring plan if the Trustee believes the company does not have enough cash to provide the staying power to carry out the plan.

In that case, there will certainly be a negative vote and the company will go into bankruptcy liquidation. On the other hand, in a successful bankruptcy small businesses restructuring, as soon as a BIA proposal plan of arrangement is fully performed, a company emerges from bankruptcy protection and continues operating, generally in a more powerful position than previously.

Bankruptcy small businesses: Advantages of an insolvency process for debtors

Bankruptcy provides at the very least two valuable advantages to all debtors: time and room to maneuver.

The minute a debtor files, an automatic stay is in play for the debtor. It operates as a time out button on any litigation, collection or enforcement activities. Creditors can ask the Court to lift the stay under specific conditions, however, the standard for doing so is typically tough to satisfy.

The Bankruptcy Court has broad authority to regulate all issues involving the debtor’s estate, including adjudicating any disputed claims. By uniting all those with a stake in the business’s assets in one place, a debtor can effectively handle all claims against it.

While the stay is in place, debtors use the insolvency process to review their troubles and make the essential adjustments to prosper after reorganizing. Decisions are made about which contracts they want to carry forward and which to abandon.

To stay clear of a disputed process, smart debtors use the insolvency restructuring process to reach a total overall negotiation and agreement with all stakeholders. If necessary, smart debtors will also offer a benefit to top up its restructuring plan to make sure that it gets the number of creditors necessary for the plan to succeed.

Bankruptcy small businesses: Benefits of the insolvency process for creditors

Clearly, bankruptcy supplies debtors with substantial power to reposition their business affairs.

What lots of people misunderstand, nonetheless, is that this power is balanced by solid creditor benefits too. The BIA calls for debtors to disclose considerable information about their operations and imposes stringent checks on their actions.

As an example, the company wishing to reorganize must openly disclose financial and other information concerning every one of its assets. Much fo the disclosure is under oath in the sworn statement of affairs. There is also if necessary, the ability to examine company officials under oath. In many cases, the debtor must seek the court’s approval before taking action beyond running the business operations in the normal course.

Under the bankruptcy small businesses BIA provisions, the company is allowed to stay in possession of its property. Management also remains in control to continue running the business. The Trustee must report any material adverse change. The Trustee will also report to the creditors as part of the restructuring process.

Creditors that are worried concerning the debtor’s capacity to maintain the estate’s worth might ask the Court to expand the Trustee’s powers. It is possible to have the Trustee also appointed as an interim receiver to control the receipts and disbursements of the company. Creditors can also ask the Court to end the restructuring and place the company into bankruptcy. Creditors would need to show that either a key secured creditor or a large enough group of unsecured creditors, will under no circumstances vote in favour of any restructuring.

The insolvency laws allow for the creation of a board of unsecured creditors to oversee the restructuring. The Court might also form a unique board standing for a major group of litigants in situations where the debtor faces lawsuits or claimants whose damages are not yet quantified.

These and various other attributes include a degree of justness to an inherently unfair situation. The debtor might think that it is driving the bus, however, countless other stakeholders have the power to make sure that the business complies with the rules of the road.

With such safeguards in place, creditors and the general public need not be afraid of the most awful possible outcome if bankruptcy provisions are used to try to restructure companies involved in bitter disputes. The playing field will never be even, but the Canadian insolvency statutes try to bring as much fairness into the bankruptcy small businesses system as possible.

Bankruptcy small businesses conclusion

I hope that you found this bankruptcy small businesses Brandon’s Blog informative. The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex corporate restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur. You are worried because your company is facing significant financial challenges. Your business provides income not only for your family. Many other families rely on you and your company for their well-being.

The stress placed upon you due to your company’s financial challenges is enormous. We understand your pain points. We look at your entire situation and devise a strategy that is as unique as you and your company’s problems; financial and emotional. The way we dealt with this problem and devised a corporate restructuring plan, we know that we can help you and your company too.

We know that companies facing financial problems need realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” approach with the Ira Smith Team. That is why we can develop a company restructuring process as unique as the financial problems and pain it is facing. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you are serious in finding a solution, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. team today.

Call us now for a free consultation. We will get your company back on the road to healthy stress-free operations and recover from the pain points in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

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CONSUMER PROPOSAL CANADA: A BLUEPRINT TO STOP BILL COLLECTORS

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If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Consumer proposal Canada Brandon’s Blog, please scroll down to the bottom and click on the podcast.

Introduction

I have written before on the concept of how a bankruptcy filing puts into place a stay of proceedings. A section of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA) states that creditors are not allowed to take or continue any collection or enforcement activity against a bankrupt person or company. But what about a consumer proposal Canada? I will discuss this concept for a consumer proposal and highlight a recent case on this issue.

The federal law

Under section 69.2 (1) of the BIA, with certain limited exceptions, when a consumer proposal is filed, “…no creditor has any remedy against the debtor or the debtor’s property, or shall commence or continue any action, execution or other proceedings, for the recovery of a claim provable in bankruptcy…”.

So if the claim is one that is provable in a bankruptcy, and therefore in a consumer proposal Canada, then the creditor cannot begin or continue a lawsuit or try to enforce a judgment for the amount owed.

A recent decision from the Ontario Court confirms this law where a consumer proposal Canada will stop creditors and bill collectors from starting or continuing legal action against you.

The facts of this case

The case is Yigzaw v. Ashagrie, 2019 ONSC 2474. It is about a motion to lift the stay of proceedings to permit enforcement of an order issued against the debtors who have filed a consumer proposal.

The applicants, Philipos Yigzaw and Aster Abraham, seek to appeal an order issued by the Court on February 21, 2017 (the 2017 order). The 2017 order was gotten on the basis of summary judgment on an application started by the applicants. In their application, they sought repayment of $102,500 that they had advanced to the respondents Anaketch Ashagrie and Yilma Gari to fund a business operating under the name “Telling Roses”. They also seek an accounting of how the funds had actually been spent.

The 2017 order required Ashagrie and Gari to pay $102,500 to Yigzaw and Abraham in addition to costs of $6,250. The respondents were likewise required to provide an accounting. The Court declined to issue a certificate of pending litigation against the respondents’ residence, although a writ of execution was issued. The respondents submitted a consumer proposal the very next day.

In this enforcement motion, the applicants state that the respondents have failed to adhere to the 2017 order. They look for relief that would require Ashagrie and Gari to be examined and to pay the amount of the judgment. They also want a finding that the respondents are in contempt.

The issues for the Court to consider

The Court first considered section 69.2 (1) of the BIA I spoke about above. The Court then looked at the exception I alluded to, being Section 69.4 of the BIA.

That section says that a Court may, in certain circumstances, raise the stay to allow a creditor to pursue its rights against a debtor who has filed consumer proposal. To obtain a lifting of the stay, the creditor must persuade the Court that it is most likely to be materially prejudiced by the ongoing stay, or that lifting the stay is equitable on other grounds.

Canadian courts have held that the criteria in s. 69.4 might be fulfilled where the creditor’s debt will not be released as an outcome of the insolvency process. The types of financial obligations that are not discharged are provided in s. 178( 1) of the BIA.

They consist of a debt or obligation arising out of fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation or defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity as well as a debt or obligation resulting from obtaining property or services by false pretenses or fraudulent misrepresentation. Lifting of a stay is not a routine matter.

To succeed, the applicants have to show how they are most likely to be materially prejudiced by the stay, or that there are various other equitable grounds to raise it.

In a typical motion under s. 69.4, the applicant looking to lift the stay says that it needs to have the opportunity to prove that its accusations come from an activity provided in s. 178( 1) to ensure that it may obtain a judgment against the bankrupt or insolvent person. If successful, then that claim would survive the insolvency process.

In that normal case, the Court examines the creditor’s claims to identify if the debt, if confirmed, would be released as an outcome of the bankruptcy or proposal. Sometimes, the Court may also consider evidence submitted by the creditor.

This case is uncommon because the applicants have already gotten a judgment on their claim. They are not seeking to show their claim. They are looking to enforce the Order. So the concern the Court must think about is whether that Order was made according to a cause of action listed in s. 178( 1 ). The Judge did this by reviewing the claims and evidence before the Judge who gave judgment, his analysis, and the evidence filed in this motion.

The Court’s analysis

The Court quite properly pointed out that in order to be successful for the lifting of the stay, the applicants had to show that their debt was more than just one of a contract to lend money that was not repaid.

The Court said that looking at the application in the most charitable method possible, the claims could not support a finding that the respondents obtained property from the applicants by false pretenses or fraudulent misrepresentation. The applicants state that their loan was conditional on the money being used for “Telling Roses”. They do not declare that they were induced to loan money to “Telling Roses” as an outcome of any type of illegal misstatement by the respondents. Likewise, the applicants do not allege that the respondents took part in any kind of deceitful acts that induced them to loan the funds. Therefore, the exception from the discharge of the debt in s. 178( 1 )( e) of the BIA was not advanced in the applicants’ claim.

The allegations in the application also do not support a finding that the participants engaged in fraudulence, embezzlement, misappropriation or defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity. To meet that standard it is not nearly enough for a debt to have actually been brought on by fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation or defalcation. That form of criminal activity had to have occurred in the context of a fiduciary relationship.

The applicants do not declare that the respondents had a fiduciary obligation towards them. The relationship they explain with the respondents would not follow such a claim. Fiduciary relationships are unusual in arms’ length business transaction. The applicants additionally do not clearly affirm that the respondents participated in any type of scam at any point.

In reviewing the reasons given by the Judge who made the 2017 order, and in looking at all the other evidence in this motion, the Court found that it was anything more than one party loaning funds to another to start a business. The business never made a profit, it failed and therefore, could not repay the money.

The decision

Given these facts and the Court’s analysis, the Court found that the applicants could not succeed on their motion to lift the stay. Rather, the Court confirmed that the 2017 judgment could only be used as the basis for the applicants to file a proof of claim in the consumer proposal filed.

The basis for the 2017 order was a finding that the applicants lent the respondents the amount of $102,500. There is absolutely nothing in the underlying decision, or in the accusations in the application on which judgment was obtained, or in any evidence submitted in this motion, that puts the applicants’ claim in the classification of financial debts that are not released under s. 178( 1) of the BIA.

Therefore, the applicants’ motion to lift the stay under s. 69.4 of the BIA was rejected. They failed to show that they are likely to be materially prejudiced by the ongoing operation of the stay or that there are various other equitable factors that would lead to a conclusion to lift the stay.

Do you have too much debt?

Are you in financial distress? Do you not have adequate funds to pay your financial obligations as they come due?

If so, call the Ira Smith Team today. We have decades and generations of experience assisting people looking for financial restructuring, a debt settlement plan and to AVOID bankruptcy.

As a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee), we are the only professionals accredited, acknowledged and supervised by the federal government to provide insolvency advice and to implement approaches to help you remain out of personal bankruptcy while eliminating your debts. A consumer proposal is a government-approved debt settlement plan to do that. We will help you decide on what is best for you between a consumer proposal vs bankruptcy.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so you can eliminate the stress, anxiety, and pain from your life that your financial problems have caused. With the one-of-a-kind roadmap, we develop just for you, we will immediately return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

You can have a no-cost analysis so we can help you fix your troubles. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

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BANKRUPTCY TRUSTEE IN VAUGHAN BECOMES LICENSED INSOLVENCY TRUSTEE

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The bankruptcy trustee in Vaughan: Why did we transform into a licensed insolvency trustee?

Similar to caterpillars turning into butterflies, this bankruptcy trustee in Vaughan went through a metamorphosis. The Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy officially changed the name “bankruptcy trustee” to “licensed insolvency trustee” (LIT). As of April 1, 2017, all licensed trustees must have fully transitioned to the use of the LIT designation.

The purpose of this blog is to offer an overview of the Canadian insolvency process. Think of it as a bankruptcy and insolvency lesson 101.

What is the purpose of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act

Among the primary functions of this insolvency process, it is to release the individual from specific financial debts. It is to give a straightforward honest but unfortunate debtor a “new beginning.”. The debtor has no responsibility for discharged financial obligations.

A discharge is available to personal bankrupts, not to corporations. Although a personal case typically causes a discharge of financial debts, the right to a discharge is not absolute. Some sorts of debts may not be released. Section 178(1) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (“BIA”) sets out the types of debts that are not released by the discharge of the bankrupt. The kinds of debts that are not released are:

1. child support and alimony;

2. fraud or near fraud;

3. debts arising from Court orders.

Where can I do some of my research?

You must initially do some of your own research to get an idea of exactly what your choices are. One place to start is our website to learn about:

  1. Personal Services
    1. Credit Counselling
    2. Consumer Proposals
    3. Bankruptcy Alternatives
    4. The Bankruptcy Process
    5. Why use a Licensed Insolvency Trustee?
    6. Rebuilding Credit
    7. Personal Bankruptcy
    8. TOP 20 PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY FAQs
  1. Corporate Services
  2. Creditor Services
  3. Our Blog titled Brandon’s Blog

Once you have a good handle on what to expect, speak to a LIT to begin discussing what actions you have to take next.

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bankruptcy trustee in vaughan

The BIA

The BIA allows for a procedure that permits people and companies to be released from all of their financial debts through either:

  1. a restructuring (Consumer Proposal, Division I Proposal or the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act) under secure arrangements of the federal insolvency statute; or
  2. through bankruptcy by turning over their property to a licensed insolvency trustee to realize upon it for the general benefit of creditors.

Either way, the funds available for distribution to the creditors are paid out by the licensed insolvency trustee. It is according to the scheme of priority laid out in the BIA.

The Court will consider approving a repayment plan that will repay the approved part of the financial obligations in no more than 5 years. When you use the restructuring provisions of the BIA (Consumer Proposal or Division I Proposal), you need to have a payback strategy to show your creditors just how you are going to pay back your debts. A successful restructuring plan is an alternative to bankruptcy and will allow a person or company to avoid bankruptcy.

There are various rules and ways that must be followed. Your licensed insolvency trustee can go over all the issues with you and is there to aid you through the process.

How does it all work?

Canada’s insolvency legislation is designed for debtors experiencing financial problems who cannot pay their present financial obligations and don’t have enough cash flow to offer a restructuring plan to avoid bankruptcy. The aim is to get a release from their existing debts.

The premise of the BIA is that the individual must deliver all of his or her non-exempt assets to the licensed insolvency trustee. The trustee will sell them for distribution to the creditors. In return, other than for either secured debts or the class of debts not released by a discharge from bankruptcy discussed above, the person’s debts will be erased. The person will be able to maintain any type of property that is categorized as exempt under provincial regulations. In this way, a discharge allows the individual to return to society as discharged bankrupt. This allows the person to start all over again.

Your credit score

Filing in an insolvency process could impact your financial resources and credit score for years. You should very carefully weigh all your options before choosing the bankruptcy option. That is a discussion a licensed insolvency trustee will be happy to have with you and will help you in first trying to find one of the possible bankruptcy alternatives. Hopefully, together you can see which one is best for you. Only if there is not an available alternative, will the trustee recommend bankruptcy?

A current bankruptcy filing may prevent you from acquiring a mortgage or other financing for years. Credit card businesses will instantly end your charge cards when you file for bankruptcy. Likewise, if you are trying to find a job or rent a place to live, some employers or property owners might look unfavourably on a current bankruptcy filing. If other applicants are as qualified as you and don’t have a bankruptcy on their record, you probably won’t be chosen.

Fresh start

Bankruptcy permits people or companies that are unable to pay their debts to settle their monetary difficulties and start restoring their credit. Declaring bankruptcy will trigger the “stay of proceedings”, preventing creditors from starting or continuing any legal action to collect their debts.

A bankruptcy filing will stay on your credit report for about 7 years. Since many financial debts can be discharged in bankruptcy with certain exceptions, people can take certain steps to begin boosting their credit rating after filing for bankruptcy and for sure after obtaining their discharge.

What to do if you are experiencing financial hardship

I hope this bankruptcy trustee in Vaughan Brandon’s Blog was helpful to you. People experience financial hardship for many reasons. If you’re experiencing financial hardship and are looking for a way out, contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. With immediate action and the right plan for moving forward, we can set you on a path to debt-free living Starting Over, Starting Now. All it takes is one phone call.

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