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HOW BANKRUPTCIES WORK FOR BUSINESSES IN TORONTO AND VAUGHAN ONTARIO CANADA

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Introduction

how bankruptcies work for businesses

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Introduction

Recently I have written several blogs focussing on insolvency and specifically the topics of consumer proposal and personal bankruptcy. To round out the discussion, this Brandon’s Blog discusses how bankruptcies work for businesses in Canada.

To be clear, the goal for either personal bankruptcy or corporate bankruptcy is to avoid bankruptcy. We have many tools in our toolbox to help people and companies avoid bankruptcy through restructuring. It is only when the person has stewed over their personal or business problems for too long that they come to us when it is too late. When it is too late, our hands are tied for creative problem-solving.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Where we start

When a business owner comes to our office for a free consultation, we start with some basics. The first thing we do is ask certain questions that will allow us to get a financial snapshot of the business. We need to know about the assets and liabilities of the business.

We need to understand who all the creditors are and what the assets are. Which creditors may have a deemed trust claim or a secured claim against the assets. What is the total and nature of the unsecured debts?

That information tells us what choices we may have in helping the business recover: is an informal debt settlement restructuring possible;

what do we think about the likelihood of a formal restructuring under either the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-3) (BIA) or the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-36) (CCAA); or is the business too far gone and therefore bankruptcy or just shutting down are the only options remaining.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: The proprietorship

If the business is unincorporated, then the person is carrying on their business in the form of a proprietorship. They are conducting business in their personal name. They may use a business style, but the legal reality of a proprietorship is that the individual, in their personal capacity, is carrying on business. So, the assets and liabilities that are created in the business, is owned by and is the responsibility of the person.

So, in this situation, it will be a personal insolvency discussion. The available remedies will be:

  • an informal restructuring;
  • (consumer) proposal debt settlement plan; or
  • personal bankruptcy

If you wish to find out more about personal insolvency, or how bankruptcies work for individuals, you can read some of my previous blogs. Good examples are WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY CANADA or CANADIAN DEBT SOLUTIONS: AVOIDING THE BANKRUPTCY PROCESS MIGHT BE THE RIGHT THING.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Incorporated businesses

So now we have gone through the starting point I just described and we have determined that we are dealing with an incorporated business. We first focus on many issues before even discussing how bankruptcies work for companies.

First, we want to know how well does management understand its own business problems. If management does not have a good handle on their business problems, then they first need to get that deep understanding. They may know that monthly when looking at the numbers, they see that losses are continuing. Management, especially in an entrepreneurial or family-owned company, may feel ashamed because they don’t feel like they’ve made good decisions. Or they are aggravated and embarrassed because family members have told you the company is finished.

If you know in your heart that if you do not do something today, you may be risking the entire business.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Know your numbers

To restructure companies for a successful turnaround, you first need to know your numbers and what they mean. The goal is to have the company producing sufficient cash levels and for everyone in the business to be earning a fair market-based income.

Management must look at the entire business and ask:

  • Where’s the profit?.
  • Do we have the money to actually run and scale the business?
  • What is getting in the way for the business to charge the revenue its products or services are worth?
  • Do we have the necessary cash and people resources will we need for a turnaround?
  • Are there lines of business or locations that need to be shed to increase profitability?
  • What expenses can we cut without harming our core business?
  • Which contracts do we need to cut to return to profitability and growth?
  • Do we have the proper reporting systems to give us the information we need to get prompt and accurate information?
  • Can we properly analyze the business issues and take the necessary corrective action?
  • Do we have the right people to carry on the business while implementing the turnaround?
  • Are we experienced enough to carry out our own turnaround or do we need outside professionals to help us with it?
  • Do we know what the impediments are to having a successful informal restructuring or do we need to look at a formal restructuring process?

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Now that we have the information…

These are the main questions that first must be answered for any business experiencing financial difficulties and facing insolvency. This is especially true for more complex companies. New systems or techniques may need to be implemented. If management can answer these questions for themselves, we want to hear those answers. If not, then a financial advisor may need to be retained. My Firm has been regularly retained, either by a company or its lender, to answer these questions and provide our recommendations. This kind of assignment is called a Business Viability Review.

After we provide our recommendations, we then work with the company to help them decide if they can carry out the recommendations and strategies themselves, or if they need our help to do so. If management can do it on their own, many times the lender will want us to stay involved by monitoring the company’s progress and reporting back to both the company and the lender.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: What if informal restructuring isn’t possible

The aim is always to avoid bankruptcy but it’s practical to recognize what it is and when it could be suitable. Companies are complex organisms. There may be the need to shed unprofitable contracts or long-term agreements that are just too expensive to continue with. It may be that disposing of such onerous contracts, leases or agreements is crucial to have a viable ongoing business. Many times a formal restructuring process is necessary to legally end those types of agreements.

It is the largest of company restructurings that we hear about in the news. From the United States, we read about Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection filings. In Canada, we read about restructurings under the CCAA. The largest of companies do not represent the size of the majority of Canadian companies.

For the biggest of companies, they can get relief and press back on creditors. There is an old adage which says: “If you owe the bank a bit of money, they own you. If you owe the bank a huge amount of money, you own them.”. In that way, in the largest company restructurings, the business can get a long time to either sell particular assets where the cash will help them rebound. They will also get the time they need to “rightsize” their employee numbers and shed unprofitable contracts. Loan changes with their secured lender or banking syndicate is also on the table and accomplished, more often than not. Their sheer size demands it and they get it.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: The reality for the majority of Canadian companies

Canadian business is full of entrepreneur-owned companies. So, that is what I will focus on in this Brandon’s Blog. If the business owner(s) come to us early enough, then we can decide if an informal restructuring will work or if not, what needs to be done in a formal restructuring. For any business that owes less than $5 million, it will normally be a BIA restructuring debt settlement proposal. We have done many successful company restructuring proposals under the BIA.

The answers to all the questions I posted above, will tell us what the restructuring needs to look like, how long it will take, and what our projections show about the profitability and viability of the business after a successful implementation of the restructuring plan.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Company bankruptcy

In a company bankruptcy, the Licensed Insolvency Trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee) (Trustee) takes possession of the assets, properties, and undertakings of the company. This assumes that there are not secured creditors who have all the assets of the company tied up. If there are, then the company may not need to go into bankruptcy. Rather, a secured creditor will take enforcement action by making a demand on the insolvent company. However, if the loan is not repaid in time, then the secured lender will appoint a receiver to take possession of the assets covered by the lender’s security. In Canada, this is normally a Chartered Bank and all the assets are secured.

Sometimes a company in receivership needs to also file for bankruptcy. The main reason would be to aid in maximizing the recovery on the assets. For example, the company is a retail chain. The only way to maximize the recovery is to run the business and sell off the assets from one or more stores. One way to guarantee quiet enjoyment of the stores the receiver needs to stay in is to have a bankruptcy. That is because, under Provincial commercial tenancy law, a trustee in bankruptcy has a certain time to stay in the premises, undisturbed, as long as the current rent is paid.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Receivership or bankruptcy

Whether there is a receivership or bankruptcy, there are many steps that a receiver or trustee have in common. These include:

  • Determining whether or not the recovery on assets will be maximized if the business is operated by the receiver or Trustee.
  • What impediments are there in running the business?
  • What is the best way to sell off the assets? As an entire group or parcels of assets that make sense to keep together, or one by one?
  • Are there any third party assets not owned by the company on the premises or other locations?
  • Are there assets owned by the company in any other locations?
  • Is there proper insurance and physical security over the assets?
  • Once the assets are sold and the cash received, what claims are there against the funds and what is the priority of all the potential claimants?

How bankruptcies work for businesses: The entrepreneurial company reality

Most mid-size and small companies when they’re in difficulty, do not submit a formal restructuring plan or file for bankruptcy at all. They just shut down by closing the doors. The owner will get the company’s final income tax and other information returns completed and filed. They will make sure that employee wages are paid current. Hopefully, source deductions and HST are fully paid up.

Wages, source deductions and/or HST that are not fully paid, are a personal liability of the Directors of the company. In the entrepreneurial companies, the owner(s) have probably personally guaranteed bank loans, premises and equipment leases or have raised funds to start and invest in the business by taking out at a mortgage against their home.

This brings us to the reality of most midsize and small businesses. The business failure leads to personal insolvency issues. Many times we advise entrepreneurs that their company filing an assignment in bankruptcy is not necessary. Rather, they should just shut down their business and then we will deal with their personal insolvency issues. This will allow the entrepreneur to get a fresh start.

Now what is required is getting a job in their field and earning a salary without the risk and challenges of running their own business. Once they get their fresh start, are back on their feet and saved up some money, they can decide if being an employee or starting a new business will be their future.

How bankruptcies work for businesses: Does your company have too much debt?

Is your company insolvent and needs to restructure? Is your business viable but can only continue if it can reorganize its debt? We know your pain and understand the stress you are living with. The Ira Smith Team has decades and generations of experience in company restructurings of all sizes.

Contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Team. If we can meet with you in our free first consultation early enough, we can create and help you start a restructuring and turnaround plan. This will allow your company to continue to do business, create jobs and be profitable for many years to come.

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SMALL BUSINESS LOANS CANADA CASE STUDY: LOSING YOUR MONEY IS NOT FUNNY

1st Global Capital

Small business loans Canada: Introduction

Today I am going to be telling you a story about a US corporate bankruptcy, and then a case study of our own. The purpose is to illustrate how you need to understand all the risk factors as a private small investor in making small business loans Canada.

Small business loans Canada: 1st Global Capital bankruptcy

A $283 million corporate US bankruptcy has derailed many retirement plans. It has left many investors in a financial crisis. In one case, a small inheritance was invested. In another, a cash award granted by a Court was invested. These are just two of the investor stories coming out of the US bankruptcy case of 1st Global Capital of Hallandale Beach, Florida.

1st Global Capital describes itself this way:

“1st Global Capital is an industry-leading direct funder with the professionalism, flexibility and fast turnaround you need to maximize your success. We use our years of industry experience, our funding power and our technological expertise to empower Independent Sales Organizations (ISOs) and Partner’s like you to maximize your business opportunities. Behind every 1GC deal is the expert vetting and oversight from our team of funding professionals with over 50 years of combined underwriting experience.”

Small business loans Canada: The “memorandums of indebtedness”

1st Global Capital was created 5 years ago to fund small companies. It funded loans to small businesses throughout many states in the USA. Examples of the types of businesses it funded are dining establishments, retail stores, construction businesses, healthcare, and e-commerce companies.

They raised money by issuing “memorandums of indebtedness” to people who invested with 1st Global Capital. Many used retirement savings accounts to fund their investment. 1st Global Capital used commissioned agents in many states to sell the 1st Global Capital investment opportunity. These short-term deals were supposed to pay back with interest at the end of nine months.

Small business loans Canada: The risky loan products

1st Global Capital was an alternative lender. It’s loan products included:

  • Merchant Cash Advances
  • Specialty Funding Options
  • Asset Based Lending
  • Accounts Receivable Funding

By its very nature, this was risky lending to businesses that could not obtain more traditional bank financing. The investors were wooed by promises of high returns, but I am certain they did not really understand they were making unsecured loans to a company that placed the money into risky loans.

Small business loans Canada: The small investors

Bankruptcy documents indicate greater than 4,000 1st Global Capital accounts existed across the country at the date of bankruptcy. Numerous are individual retirement accounts, each owed in between $621,000 and $922,000.

Court records indicate that 1st Global Capital stated that the cause of its bankruptcy was examinations by the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as the U.S. attorney’s office in southern Florida over alleged securities violations.

As a result, the inflow of money from investors stopped when 1st Global Capital could no longer offer its memorandums. The bankruptcy files show that as a result, the company dealt with an unexpected and intense liquidity situation. The regulatory agencies state that 1st Global Capital was selling securities and the company was subject to government registration with and oversight by government regulatory agencies.

The bankruptcy records do not indicate this but I am certain that eventually, the bankruptcy trustee will report that the investment scheme was a Ponzi scheme. If the inability to take in more loans caused the company’s bankruptcy, it is obvious that they required fresh money in order to honour their existing liabilities. New investors’ money paying back older investors is a classic definition of a Ponzi scheme.

Small business loans Canada: Our very own Canadian case study

Not understanding what you are investing in is not a story unique to the United States. Let me tell you about one of our case studies from last year called Vaughan Crossings Inc (“VCI”). We were appointed by the Court as Receiver of the assets, properties and undertaking of VCI. The main asset of VCI was 5.5 acres of owned development land located at the northwest corner of Dufferin and Centre Streets in the City of Vaughan, ON. In this receivership, our main role was to sell these lands. You can find all the Court records and public information on our webpage that we set up for VCI, so I won’t go through the history of the file in this Brandon’s Blog.

The important point in this file is that the second mortgagee was a group of investors. These investors were found through the use of commissioned agents. These agents were mainly financial advisors and insurance agents. The agents made commissions to raise funds from their clients for investment in this project. Just like in the 1st Global Capital case, the investors were mainly individuals, many of whom used funds in their RRSPs to make the loan.

Small business loans Canada: The dangers of not understanding risk

During the receivership, I had the chance to speak with many investors who called in wanting to know the status of their investments. These unsophisticated people were wooed by the promise of high returns when the project was fully built out. Just like in the 1st Global Capital case, the mortgage syndicator had to cease raising funds as they were being investigated by the Financial Services Commission of Ontario. Ultimately, the mortgage syndicator went into receivership also.

The money put in by this unsophisticated investor group was secured by way of a second mortgage. The developer ran out of cash to develop the property. The mortgage syndicator was shut down. The lands were not be developed. The plan was that the mortgage syndicator was going to do another round of financing to provide construction financing, which would be in priority to the second mortgagee! The mortgage syndicator had the authority, acting as trustee of the second mortgage, to subordinate that mortgage to the construction financing. However, that never happened.

Small business loans Canada: The receivership

Without construction financing, the development project could not continue; hence our appointment as Receiver. There two mortgages against the property and numerous construction liens filed and perfected against the property. We obtained our appraisals and ran a receivership sales process. We sold the property for much more than its appraised value. The sales price repaid the construction liens and the first mortgage. However, there was very little available for the second mortgagee investors.

The promise of a high-interest rate wooed these investors. They may not have been as focussed on the safety of their capital. Unfortunately, these small investors did not understand the risks associated with this type of loan they were making. Shame on their financial advisors who sold them this investment, knowing it was not right for most of them. The financial advisors were hungry for commissions, regardless of what harm may come to their clients.

Small business loans Canada: Is your business at risk?

If your small business is having financial problems, more small business loans alone is not the answer. You must first look at all aspects of your business. First, you should look at the viability of your business.

Are there expenses that need cutting and activities that you must do that can generate more revenue? If so, perhaps we can restructure your business. You may not need a long-term small business loan. Perhaps a short-term loan to get over the immediate financial hurdle you are facing is enough.

If you are looking for ways to restructure your corporate or personal debt call Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. We understand the stress and pain your financial problems are causing you. We feel your pain and we can end it for you.

Our strategy for every single business and person is to develop a result where Starting Over, Starting Now comes true, starting the minute you walk through our door. You’re just one call away from taking the necessary actions to get your debt settlement and back on the road to leading a healthy and stress-free life. Contact the Ira Smith Team today.small business loans canada

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STALKING HORSE CREDIT BID: WE NEED COURT APPROVAL BEFORE STARTING A COURT SUPERVISED SALES PROCESS

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Stalking horse credit bid: Introduction

In last week’s vlog, “STALKING HORSE ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT: THE WEINSTEIN COMPANY GALLOPS INTO A COURT SUPERVISED SALES PROCESS“, I described what a stalking horse asset purchase agreement is. I also defined and described the proposed stalking horse credit bid process of The Weinstein Company. That process was approved last Friday by a Delaware bankruptcy judge. The Court delayed the court sales auction by a couple of business days to May 4, 2018.

Stalking horse credit bid: Our earlier case studies

Over the last few weeks, I have provided some case studies from our files for both personal and corporate insolvency matters. As a refresher, these case study vlogs are:

Stalking horse credit bid: Our stalking horse sales process case study

This is the last vlog along our case study theme. The purpose is to show the decision making that the Court goes through in being asked to approve a stalking horse credit bid and a stalking horse sales process in a corporate insolvency file.

We were Court-appointed as Receiver and Manager of a club operating a golf course, restaurant and party function business. The first secured creditor filed its motion to appoint us. We were appointed very close to Christmas that year. Obviously, the golf course was not operating at the time of our appointment. The food and beverage facilities only had one remaining Christmas party and the annual club New Year’s party. No parties were booked yet into the New Year.

We did the normal things a Receiver does such as:

  • taking physical possession of the premises and the books and records;
  • identifying if there were any assets located off premises; and
  • arranging for property and liability insurance.

We were able to use the time to understand the business and the nature and extent of the assets.

There was already a purchaser ready to give an offer to purchase the Receiver’s right, title and interest in the operating assets comprising the club’s businesses. We arranged for an appraisal of the assets and business. We received and reviewed the appraisal. The secured creditor told us the form of offer they would support.

Armed with the appraisal information and the secured creditor information, we entered into a conversation with the potential purchaser. The amount this purchaser told us it was willing to pay was far more than appraised value and above the minimum threshold for acceptance from the secured creditor.

Stalking horse credit bid: Our stalking horse offer

We decided that a stalking horse bid process would be ideal. We doubted that any party would bid higher than the value this potential purchaser was discussing. It made sense to also have the court supervised sales process completed prior to April, so that it would be the purchaser opening up and preparing the course for play and running the food and beverage business, rather than the Court appointed Receiver.

The potential purchaser agreed to become a stalking horse bidder and to the timeline. We and our legal counsel worked with the potential purchaser and its legal counsel to prepare a draft stalking horse asset purchase agreement. The purchase price was the amount this now stalking horse purchaser was always discussing.

Stalking horse credit bid: We galloped off to Court

We filed our motion for approval of our activities to date, requested permission to enter into the proposed stalking horse agreement and sought approval for our proposed stalking horse sales process. The Court had no problem with our activities to date, or the stalking horse agreement, but did not like our truncated stalking horse sales process. We were not able to be in Court until February and we wished to complete the sale by March 31. The Court felt that was not enough time to run a sales process that was fair to all potential bidders. Our legal counsel attempted to persuade the Judge that comparing the appraisal (which the Court saw but our purchaser did not see) and the value of the stalking horse offer, we did not feel that there would be any other bidders.

We could not persuade the Court. The Judge approved everything, but he amended the timeline so that we would run a process that would last at least 5 weeks from the time we ran our advertisement for this business opportunity.

The Court considers various factors when asked to approve a receivership or bankruptcy sales transaction. The basis for this comes from a 1991 Court of Appeal for Ontario decision in Royal Bank of Canada v. Soundair Corp., 1991 CanLII 2727 (ON CA). In no particular order, the Court is concerned with:

  1. Whether the Receiver has made enough effort to get the best price and has not acted improvidently.
  2. Considering the interests of all parties.
  3. The efficacy and integrity of the process used to get offers.
  4. If there has been unfairness in the working out of the process.

In the Judge’s opinion, a 5 week sales process would ease any concerns he had.

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stalking horse credit bid

Stalking horse credit bid: The outcome

We amended our sales process in accordance with the Judge’s instructions. We then:

  • ran the advertisement and issued our preliminary “teaser” sales document to all those that requested it; and
  • set up our online data room of pertinent business and other information about the assets and business operations.

Anyone who wished to do due diligence signed our confidentiality agreement. Everyone who signed our confidentiality agreement was then provided with a unique password to enter the online data room.

The due diligence period ended and since everyone knows the amount of the stalking horse offer, no other potential bidders submitted an offer. Nobody wanted to bid more.

We went back to Court to tell of the results and obtained Court approval to complete the transaction of the stalking horse bidder whose asset purchase agreement was already approved by the Court.

In the meantime, spring had arrived. We hired the necessary golf course superintendent and other maintenance and operating staff and opened up the golf course. We ran the golf club until the sale was completed near the end of June that same year. In the eyes of the Court fairness was achieved, we operated the golf club and the secured creditor was happy with the result of the sale.

Stalking horse credit bid: Is your business facing financial problems?

This case study shows how we were able to satisfy all stakeholders in a Court supervised sales process, to transfer the assets to a new business, remit funds to the secured creditor on a basis acceptable to them and meet the requirements of the Court.

Is your business facing financial problems? Perhaps your company is in need of a restructuring. The Ira Smith Team can develop a restructuring plan which may or may not include the need to file for bankruptcy protection.

The Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. Team understands the pain you are going through trying to keep your company alive while trying to negotiate with potential purchasers. We understand that you are playing beat the clock, and the pain and stress you are feeling thinking that you may just run out of time. The bankruptcy protection process can ease this stress and provide a level playing field so that no potential purchaser takes advantage of you.

The Ira Smith Team has a great deal of experience in running a stalking horse stalking horse asset purchase agreement. The stress placed upon you due to your company’s financial challenges is enormous. We understand your pain points. Call the Ira Smith Team today for your free consultation. We can end your pain and put your company back on a healthy profitable path, Starting Over, Starting Now.

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stalking horse credit bid
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HOW SECRET REAL ESTATE FLIPPING BECOMES COSTLY FLOPPING

receiver mortgagee $6.2 million flipped $9 million, property flip, real estate flipping, bankruptcy, professional trustees, receiver, Receiver, receivership, trustee, ira smith trustee, Ahmed Baig, Soundair Corp., restructuring and turnaround, Ahmed Baig, Meridian Credit Union, Meridian Credit Union Limited v. Baig, bankruptcy trustee, starting over starting nowThe television air waves are clogged with real estate reality shows – buying properties, selling properties, real estate flipping properties, renovating properties, income properties… There’s a real estate show that demonstrates every facet of the business and it all looks very simple. But I’m pretty sure that not one real estate reality show told you that real estate flipping when purchasing from a Receiver in Ontario can land you in a heap of legal trouble. Here is the story surrounding the Court of Appeal for Ontario case of Meridian Credit Union Limited v. Baig, 2016 ONCA 150.

Real Estate Flipping

Mr. Ahmed Baig’s corporation bought a downtown Toronto property located 984 Bay Street in a receivership sale. The property was purchased from the court-appointed Receiver with court approval, for $6.2 million in August 2006. Before the deal went through Mr. Baig secretly flipped the property for $9 million, netting a tidy profit of $2.8 million. The Receiver had no clue that when Mr. Baig bought the property he’d already agreed to resell it to Yellowstone Property Consultants (Yellowstone). In fact the Receiver assumed Yellowstone was Baig’s company and neither Mr. Baig nor his lawyer corrected that misunderstanding. On the advice of counsel the deal was structured so that the property would go directly to Yellowstone to avoid duplicate land transfer taxes. What a score for a little paperwork and some creative bookkeeping!

The Flopping

It’s hard to keep a $2.8 million real estate flipping secret and in 2009 Meridian Credit Union Limited (Meridian), the first ranking secured creditor at the time of the sale, and the Applicant in the receivership case, discovered the resale to Yellowstone. Meridian sued Mr. Baig. The Receiver, obliged to maximize the return on assets of any sale, argued it would never have recommended court approval had it known about the real estate flipping.

The Court noted that one of the terms of the Agreement of Purchase and Sale entered into between the Receiver and Mr. Baig’s company stated:

“Article 39 of the agreement of purchase and sale provided that Mr. Baig could assign the agreement to a corporation to be incorporated for the purposes of the sale with the receiver’s consent which could not be unreasonably withheld. However, in respect of any other assignment, the receiver had a consent right and its consent “may be arbitrarily withheld”.”

In the original case in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, The Honourable Mr. Justice F.L. Myers found that:

“Apart from the normal circumstances where any buyer would be reluctant to tell its vendor that there was another buyer available who would pay substantially more for the property, the fact that the sale occurred in a receivership is important. A receiver requires approval of the court to make a material sale of the debtor’s property. To obtain court approval, a receiver must establish that it engaged in a fair and commercially reasonable process to try to obtain fair market value for the property to maximize realization for the creditors. See: Royal Bank of Canada v. Soundair Corp., 1991 CanLII 2727 (ON CA), 1991 CanLII 2727 (ONCA). If a Receiver learns that it has undersold property it can be in a very difficult position in which it is contractually bound to seek court approval for its sale but it must, at the same time, disclose to the creditors and to the court that it has not maximized realization.”

The Honourable Mr. Justice Myers made the finding that Mr. Baig is liable to Meridian for fraudulent misrepresentation in an amount to be determined by the court.

The Appeal Court Ruled On The Real Estate Flipping

Upholding the lower court decision, the Court of Appeal found Ahmed Baig had deliberately misled the Receiver handling the receivership by failing to alert them to the resale through the real estate flipping. “In certain circumstances, silence and half-truths can amount to a misrepresentation,” the Appeal Court ruled. “Both the appellant and his counsel wanted to prevent the Receiver from discovering the sale to Yellowstone, because the $2.8 million differential in the price would jeopardize court approval,” the Appeal Court said. “Both the appellant and his counsel actively hid the agreement,” the Appeal Court found. Instead of making a fast $2.8 million Mr. Baig was held responsible for the misrepresentations made by his lawyer, who knew documents given to the receiver were false. While Baig had no obligation to disclose the resale agreement, the court decided that his failure to correct the misunderstanding that Yellowstone was his company amounted to fraudulent misrepresentation.

Would this real estate flipping decision be the same in a bankruptcy?

In my view, this ruling would also extend to bankruptcy administrations, as the bankruptcy trustee would be required to obtain either inspector or court approval, and be held to the same high standards as in this case. As professional trustees we are extremely ethical and would never support a fraud or blatant misrepresentation. We help individuals and companies throughout the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) facing financial crisis in need of restructuring and turnaround, receivership or bankruptcy that need a plan for Starting Over, Starting Now. The Ira Smith Team brings a cumulative 50+ years of experience dealing with diverse issues and complex files, and we deliver the highest quality of professional service. Don’t worry about debt; instead take immediate action.

Call us today. If you or your company is trapped in high debt, you need a professional trustee to help you manage the situation before it reaches a critical stage where bankruptcy or receivership is your only option. We have been able to help many individuals and companies carry out a successful debt settlement programs or corporate restructuring and turnarounds. It all began with an initial consultation. The first step is a realistic cash-flow budget. Successful completion of such a program, will free you from the burden of your financial challenges to go on to live a productive, stress-free, financially sound life.

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STALKING HORSE BID: DO YOU REALLY WANT 2 STALK YOUR ADORABLE HORSE?

stalking horse bid
stalking horse bid

This blog was originally published on July 21, 2015. It was updated on March 22, 2021.

Bankruptcy Sales: What Is a Stalking-Horse Bid?

A stalking horse bid, in the Canadian insolvency context, is an attempt by a company (and/or its Monitor, Receiver or Trustee ) in a Court supervised insolvency proceeding, to set what will be the baseline that must be met and beaten by any other bids for the assets. The intent is to maximize the value of its assets as part of a Court supervised sales process and to discourage any bid below a certain value.

A stalking horse is a process that allows a potential buyer (the stalking horse bidder) to make a public bid for a company’s assets in order to set a floor price for the amount of money to be received by the company’s creditors in a (bankruptcy) sale. The stalking horse bidder will get to purchase the company’s assets if no other bidder comes forward. The stalking horse provision allows for the bidding process terms and conditions to be set in a court-supervised sale.

In this Brandon Blog, I describe the stalking horse bid process and how it works

What’s a stalking horse bid? Example of a stalking horse bid

According to Wikipedia:

“The term stalking horse originally derived from the practice of hunting, particularly of wildfowl. Hunters noticed that many birds would flee immediately on the approach of humans, but would tolerate the close presence of animals such as horses and cattle. Hunters would therefore slowly approach their quarry by walking alongside their horses, keeping their upper bodies out of sight until the flock was within firing range. Animals trained for this purpose were called stalking horses.”

In an insolvency context, a stalking horse bid stands to test the market to see how the market values the assets for sale. If the market values the assets less than the amount of the stalking horse bid, then no one will bid higher and the party who made the stalking horse bid will be successful in acquiring the assets.

If the market values the assets more than the amount of the stalking horse bid, the higher offers will be made for the assets and for the Court to consider for approval. Presumably, a higher offer will be approved, the purchaser will purchase the assets and the stalking horse bid will not prevail.

stalking horse bid
stalking horse bid

How a Stalking-Horse Bid Works

The stalking-horse bid method allows a distressed company to avoid receiving low ball bids as its assets are being sold. Once the stalking-horse bidder has made its offer and it has been negotiated and court-approved, other potential buyers may submit competing bids for the company’s assets.

By setting the low end of the bidding range, the insolvent company hopes to realize a higher price on its assets. Insolvency proceedings are public. The public nature allows for the disclosure of more information about the deal and the buyer than what would be available in a private deal.

Stalking-horse bidders can generally negotiate which particular assets and liabilities it hopes to acquire. After the stalking horse bid is negotiated resulting in an asset purchase agreement, it will be necessary for the company, Receiver or Trustee to obtain Court approval of not only the stalking horse bid but also for the entire sales process to be implemented.

If the company is attempting to restructure and requires “bankruptcy protection”, then those corporate proceedings would be either under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (“CCAA”) or the Proposal provisions of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (the “BIA”). In that situation, it is the company making an application to the Court with the support and assistance of the monitor or proposal trustee.

If it is a corporate receivership or bankruptcy proceeding, then it is either the receiver or bankruptcy trustee making the application. In the case of bankrupt corporations, then it is the bankruptcy court that needs to approve the stalking horse bid, the entire sales process and approve the sale.

What does it take to get bankruptcy court approval?

When applying to the Court, approval for an entire sales process is being sought, a component of which is the stalking horse agreement. The Court has various considerations in determining if a stalking horse sale process should be approved. They are:

  • Is a sale transaction warranted at this time?
  • Will the sale benefit the whole “economic community”?
  • Do any of the debtors’ creditors have a bona fide reason to object to a sale process of the business?
  • Is there a better viable alternative?”

In the event the stalking horse bid is not the successful winner because of the other potential bidders at least one made a better offer, it is normal for the stalking horse purchaser to receive some form of compensation. The compensation is for the time, cost and resources invested to perform its due diligence, to make its offer which was found to be reasonable in the circumstances and to expose that offer to the marketplace to stand as a stalking horse bid, and for that bidder to not end up as the successful purchaser.

Our Firm has been involved in situations where the stalking horse bid has been both the successful bid unsuccessful bid. If the compensation, commonly known as break-up fees, is fair and reasonable, it will not dissuade other purchasers from coming forward in the sales process, and it will also be fair to the stalking horse bidder if they are unsuccessful. It is fair to the stalking horse bidder to have these bid protections incorporated into their offer.

The Court in considering the approval of a stalking horse bid also considers if the breakup fee, and the entire stalking horse bid, has been negotiated between arms’-length parties and has the support of the stakeholders involved in the insolvency proceeding.

stalking horse bid
stalking horse bid

The Pros and Cons of Being A Stalking Horse Bidder for Assets In Bankruptcy

There are various pros and cons to being a stalking horse bidder and making the stalking horse bid. First the advantages:

  • First to tie up the company’s management, perform due diligence thereby dealing exclusively with the company for the proposed purchase of its assets.
  • Gaining the advantage of time and access to the company’s financial information.
  • Having the time to be able to understand the company’s problems and challenges.
  • Getting under contract for the assets the purchaser wants to acquire.

The cons of making the stalking horse bid are:

  • Making sure that you set the break fee high enough to fully compensate the stalking horse bidder.
  • Not having too long a time period between approval of the stalking horse bid and the time when other bids must be submitted to avoid the assets or the company’s operations worsening through the process.
  • Would it have been better not to have been the stalking horse bidder and see how the company and its assets fare before having to submit a bid?
  • If the stalking horse bidder is not a secured lender, is there a likelihood the secured lenders will bid their security which will outbid yours?
  • If there is more than one acceptable bid, then an auction process is required to determine the successful bidder. The stalking horse bidder may not wish to participate in such an auction and will end up losing out.

Can a secured creditor credit bid? Cirque du Soleil agrees to ‘stalking horse’ takeover bid from lenders worth $375M

One of the most recent high-profile successful stalking horse bids was the Cirque du Soleil insolvency proceeding under the CCAA. In that case, a takeover proposal from the Cirque du Soleil’s secured creditors has been approved as the benchmark bid for a court-supervised auction of the insolvent entertainment company.

That is called a credit bid. When the secured creditor bids all or a portion of its outstanding loan. This will be done in situations where the secured creditor believes that the value of the assets to be sold is less than the amount owed, yet the company’s assets can be used to run a viable business. In that situation, the secured creditor would rather bid its security with the company debt to take over the assets.

By making a credit bid, the secured creditor potential purchaser does not need to come up with cash for the purchase price. However, cash will be required to make certain payments to parties the company business cannot operate without and to have working capital going forward.

If they bid the full amount of their loan and get outbid in other purchase agreements, it means they get fully paid out. Otherwise, they get the assets to run the company, bring it back to financial good health and profitability. Eventually, then they will sell the healthy company to recoup their money plus make a profit.

Stalking horse bid summary

If your company is experiencing financial difficulties, don’t waste your time stalking horses or any other animal. Seek the advice of your professional advisers. The earlier you seek financial help the more options will be open to you. Contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. today. We’ll review your corporate issues and come up with a sound plan so that Starting Over, Starting Now you can enjoy financial peace of mind.

stalking horse bid
stalking horse bid
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VAUGHAN DEBT COUNSELLING ADVISES BEWARE OF TAX SEASON SCAMS

Vaughan debt counselling, Vaughan, debt, debt counselling, trustee, receiver, bankruptcy, Canada Revenue Agency, CRA, tax scams, email scams, phone scams, starting over starting nowWhen we perform Vaughan debt counselling, we always advise that there is no miracle cure or quick fix when you owe money to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). For a real life example, see our discussion in an earlier blog The Tax Lawyer; Even A High Profile Tax Fighting Lawyer Has To Pay His Income Tax. Unfortunately there is more to worry about than the CRA during tax season. There are scam artists out there just waiting to take your money. Through our Vaughan debt counselling, Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc., we are able to provide some valuable information and advice to help protect you from the villainous forces lurking at the other end of a phone call or email transmission.

In fact, it was through our Vaughan debt counselling that we learned of these scams. Scammers are sending emails and making phone calls, claiming to be the CRA. These communications, asking for information including credit card data, bank account numbers and passwords and passport numbers are designed to steal your identity and/or your money. Email scams frequently contain embedded malicious software that can harm your computer and put your personal information at risk. DO NOT click on any of the links in the emails. Typically an email or telephone scam involves one of these two scenarios.

  1. You have a refund pending from CRA and the communications will go on to instruct the receiver to provide personal information in order to receive the benefit.
  2. You or your company, as a result of an audit, owe “back taxes”. You are advised you have to “pay up” ASAP to avoid a fine or the person is told there is an outstanding arrest warrant which can be avoided if the tax payment is made promptly. In many cases individuals are being told they will be deported if the taxes are not paid right away.

These types of communication are not from the CRA, should be ignored and reported to the RCMP or Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre at 1-888-495-8501 or http://www.antifraudcentre.ca.

The CRA:

  • NEVER requests information from a taxpayer about a passport, health card or driver’s license.
  • NEVER divulges taxpayer information to another person unless formal authorization is provided by the taxpayer.
  • NEVER leaves any personal information on an answering machine or asks taxpayers to leave a message with their personal information on an answering machine.

If you find yourself in financial difficulties as a result of a scam or for any other reason contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. We serve the GTA through our Vaughan debt counselling and our other services that are bankruptcy alternatives. We can help get you back on the road to solid financial footing Starting Over, Starting Now. Watch for our next blog when we’ll be discussing the dangers of taking free tax advice.

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CANADA REVENUE AGENCY SOCIAL MEDIA

Canada Revenue Agency, CRA, CRA audit, social media, social media sites, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest, trustee, income tax debt, debt, trustee, starting over starting now, Canada revenue agency social media, receiverCanada Revenue Agency social media investigative staff review your latest photos and news on social media sites that you post to. Did you know that? If you do post to social media sites and you did not know that Canada Revenue Agency social media investigative staff may be looking at your postings, then you’re like most of the adults online.

Sharing everything from your marital status to what you’re eating at a restaurant on social media sites has become second nature. We have a great need to share, without giving it a second thought. According to Pew Internet Research, as of September 2013:

  • 71% of online adults use Facebook
  • 17% use Instagram
  • 21% use Pinterest
  • 22% use LinkedIn

You may think that participating in social media is a harmless activity and you may even post some white lies, but after all, the Internet encourages creativity. And, who could it hurt anyways? The answer is you! It’s not just your friends checking out your Facebook page, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) may be checking you out as well. The Canada Revenue Agency social media investigative staff use an audit technique called Indirect Verification of Income.

The CRA is on the lookout for folks living a high income life – big house, fancy cars, and exotic vacations – without reporting the income to sustain such a lifestyle. This kind of behaviour is a huge red flag for the CRA and you could be in for an audit. Rest assured that the CRA, including the Canada Revenue Agency social media investigative staff which is an increasingly important component of the investigation side, will leave no stone unturned in search of the unreported income.

We had an interesting file that demonstrated exactly how deep in trouble you many find yourself if you post everything on social media sites, and lie. A high income earner was trying through a Proposal to compromise $400K of his income tax debt (amongst others). Throughout his entire professional career he had photos of himself in front of yachts, mansions and fancy cars to show how successful he was. The only problem was that none of it was ever his. It took a year to convince the CRA that neither he nor his spouse ever owned such assets!! Ultimately we were successful in satisfying CRA’s concerns and the CRA voted in favour of his Proposal.

Before you post your life story on social media sites, ask yourself what the Canada Revenue Agency social media investigative staff will think if they crawl your pages.

If you’re having serious financial issues related to income tax debt or any other cause, contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. With a solid financial plan in place Starting Over, Starting Now you can free yourself of debt.

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FINANCIAL INFIDELITY IN MARRIAGE LEADS TO DIVORCE

FINANCIAL INFIDELITY IN MARRIAGE LEADS TO DIVORCE

Financial infidelity in marriage: Introduction

Financial infidelity in marriage is a recurring problem. Couples heading to divorce argue about many things – the kids, sex, in-laws, the house, division of labour – but a study from Utah State University and recent statistical findings from online divorce service MyDivorcePapers.com (MDP) have re-confirmed that the cause of money, not sex, is the top predictor of divorce. The study and the data show that couples who engage in financial infidelity in marriage routinely argue about their finances are setting a steady course for divorce. Many studies echo these findings, including a 2012 longitudinal study that found that money is the number one cause of tension in relationships and as a result, it’s also the top predictor of divorce.

Financial infidelity in marriage: Our definition

Financial infidelity in marriage occurs when a spouse commits to serious spending that affects the entire household without first consulting their mate. To avoid becoming a statistic couples should be doing a lot of talking about finances before saying I Do and throughout the marriage. It may not be romantic but avoiding the conversation may doom your relationship to failure. You are no doubt discussing your compatibility in many areas of life. You are more than likely not discussing your financial compatibility. The likelihood of financial infidelity in marriage may be increased as a result.

Financial infidelity in marriage: Some important considerations

Have you considered:

  • How you’re planning to pay for your lifestyle?
  • Saving for retirement?
  • If your spending habits are compatible?
  • What your financial priorities are?
  • Your assets?
  • Your debts?
  • A prenup?

Financial discussions need to be frank and transparent. The health of your marriage may depend on your financial health. If in the course of your financial discussions you uncover serious debt issues, it’s better to deal with the debt sooner than later.; stay away from divorce by not committing financial infidelity in marriage.

Financial infidelity in marriage: We can help you

Start your life off debt free and with a go forward plan to stay that way. For sound professional help and advice contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. today. We can’t guarantee you a happy marriage but Starting Over, Starting Now we can help you deal with serious debt issues and put you on a path to living a debt free life.

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PARK LANE CIRCLE-PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN GLASS HOUSES CAN’T CHANGE THE RULES

40 Park Lane Circle, a mansion located in Toronto, was for sale in a proposed auction and has become quite the source of notoriety these days, although nothing and no one can rival Mayor Rob Ford in the headline grabbing department. Pictured below, it’s being referred to as the Bridle Path’s own Palace of Versailles. Located at 40 Park Lane Circle, it was most recently listed for$13.98 million.

PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN GLASS HOUSES CAN’T CHANGE THE RULES TO SUIT THEM-40 PARK LANE CIRCLE

40 Park Lane Circle, Toronto

COURTESY: CONCIERGE AUCTIONS

In the 40 Park Lane Circle case at hand (which our Firm was not involved in), the Receiver two months earlier made application to Court and obtained Court approval to conduct an auction of the main asset, a luxury home worth millions of dollars at 40 Park Lane Circle which is in a very fancy neighbourhood of Toronto. After the fact the Receiver was presented with an offer for the Property from a set of purchasers. Unfortunately the Receiver’s report did not explain how the offer came about, specifically whether the offerors were aware of the Court-approved auction process at the time they made the offer. The Receiver made a motion to discontinue an auction sale process and approve an offer to purchase the 40 Park Lane Circle real property. After the recent decision of the Honourable Mr. Justice Brown of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) in HSBC Bank Canada v. Mahvash Lechcier-Kimel, 2013 ONSC 7241, the Receiver’s motion was denied and the auction was allowed to proceed. According to the latest reports the bidding is now closed and the sale is pending.

As Court Officers, we live in glass houses. Every action we take is on display for all to see. All stakeholders to the process are watching how we conduct the administration, and invariably, a party who thought they should be obtaining a better result for themselves will not be satisfied. Accordingly, the sales process has to be seen to be fair, even handed and transparent. The case of 40 Park Lane Circle is very interesting as it highlights that a fair, open and transparent marketing process in accordance with the seminal “Soundair” case is more important in the eyes of the Court, than what might be thought of as the highest potential offer.

What is the “Soundair” case and why is it so important? The criteria to be applied when considering the approval of a sale recommended by a receiver were first set out by the Ontario Court of Appeal in Royal Bank vs Soundair Corp. and hence referred to as the “Soundair principles” which are used when deciding whether a receiver who wishes Court approval to sell a property has acted properly, a Court is to consider and determine:

a) whether the receiver has made a sufficient effort to get the best price and has not acted improvidently;

b) the interests of all parties;

c) the efficacy and integrity of the process by which offers were obtained; and

d) whether there has been unfairness in the working out of the process.

As Trustees & Receivers, we are often asked when selling an individual’s or a corporation’s assets in a Court supervised administration, why can’t the Receiver or Trustee deviate from the Court approved process, or why can’t the Receiver or Trustee share with the party paying the costs of the administration the appraisal information. The answer, which we have always known to be the case, is that the Court and its Officer, be it a Receiver or Trustee, must ensure the integrity of the sales process. By the decision of the Court, the 40 Park Lane Circle property sale is no different.

Our firm has been involved in numerous cases where assets were sold in a Court supervised process. Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is a full service insolvency and financial restructuring practice serving companies and individuals throughout the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) facing financial crisis or bankruptcy that need a plan for Starting Over, Starting Now. We pride ourselves on our openness, transparency and maintaining the integrity of the process. Contact us today.

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