Tag: bankruptcy discharge

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FRAUD AND MISREPRESENTATION AND BANKRUPTCY: SUPREME COURT OF CANADA’S REVOLUTIONARY RULING ON ADMINISTRATIVE FINES AND BANKRUPTCY

fraud and misrepresentation
fraud and misrepresentation

Fraud and Misrepresentation: Introduction

On July 31, 2024, the Supreme Court of Canada released its decision in the case of Poonian v. British Columbia (Securities Commission), 2024 SCC 28. This appeal to the Supreme Court was heard on December 6, 2023. The Canadian insolvency community has been anxiously awaiting this decision to drop.

Thalbinder Singh Poonian and Shailu Poonian engaged in market manipulation that caused vulnerable investors to lose millions of dollars. The British Columbia Securities Commission (BCSC) found that they had contravened the province’s Securities Act. It ordered them to pay $13.5 million in administrative penalties; it also ordered them to disgorge approximately $5.6 million, which represented the amounts they obtained as a result of the market manipulation fraud and misrepresentation scheme.

These sanctions were registered with the Supreme Court of British Columbia under the Securities Act, which provides that, on being filed in a registry of that court, a decision of the BCSC has the same force and effect, and all proceedings may be taken on it as if it were a judgment of that court.

On April 20, 2018, the Poonians initiated a voluntary assignment in bankruptcy. Subsequently, on February 13, 2020, they sought a discharge from bankruptcy; however, this request was opposed by both the BCSC and the Canada Revenue Agency. On April 8, 2020, the Supreme Court of British Columbia denied the Poonians’ application, and as a result, they continue to remain undischarged bankrupts to this day.

In this Brandon’s Blog, I discuss the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in this case. The Poonian case stems from stock market manipulation, fraud and misrepresentation. It highlights the intersection of fraud, bankruptcy law, and investor protection. Its impact stresses the need for reform to ensure accountability for dishonest practices while fostering trust in financial markets. The ruling may serve as a crucial step towards a more ethical financial landscape.

Fraud and Misrepresentation: The Core Issues of the Case

Delving into the intricacies of the case provides a rich tapestry of legal nuances that underscore the importance of regulatory frameworks in financial markets. The case was centred around the role of the BCSC, a critical entity in safeguarding investor interests and maintaining the integrity of the marketplace.

An important question arose: could the

administrative penalties and disgorgement orders imposed by the BCSC withstand the complexities introduced by bankruptcy discharges as delineated in the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA)? This question reflects legal intricacies and highlights ethical implications in financial governance.

First, let’s examine the significant penalties. The case’s details reveal staggering financial penalties: Thalbinder Poonian was hit with a hefty $13.5 million administrative penalty, while his partner, Shailu Poonian, faced $3.5 million. Additionally, a $5.6 million disgorgement order was made by the BCSC representing the Poonians’ illicit gains from their fraud and misrepresentation activities between 2007 and 2009.

The BCSC applied to the Supreme Court of British Columbia for a declaration that the debts represented by the administrative penalties and disgorgement orders not be released by any order of discharge, under s.178(1)(a), (d) and (e) of the BIA. The chambers judge allowed the BCSC’s application, finding that the debts were exempt and would survive any discharge. While only one exception had to apply for the debts not to be released, the chambers judge found the exceptions in s. 178(1)(a) and (e) both applied.

The Poonians filed an appeal with the British Columbia Court of Appeal, contesting, among other points, the chambers judge’s interpretation of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA). Justice Willcock, representing the British Columbia Court of Appeal, determined that the chambers judge had made an error in concluding that the debts were exempt from discharge under section 178(1)(a) of the BIA. However, the court upheld the chambers judge’s finding that the debts were exempt under section 178(1)(e). As the debts were deemed exempt, albeit only under section 178(1)(e), the appeal was ultimately dismissed.

Not satisfied with this result, the Poonians appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada. Before delving into the findings of the Supreme Court of Canada, we should review some basics about the BIA.

fraud and misrepresentation
fraud and misrepresentation

The Legal Background of Bankruptcy and Fraud and Misrepresentation

The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act

The Supreme Court’s analysis of the BIA centred on interpreting and applying the exceptions listed under section 178(1) in the context of the Poonian v. British Columbia Securities Commission case. Here are the key aspects of the court’s analysis:

Financial Rehabilitation and Fresh Start Principle:

  • The court acknowledged the primary objective of the BIA, which is to facilitate the financial rehabilitation of debtors by enabling them to achieve a fresh start and relief from burdensome debt.
  • Subsection 178(2) of the BIA delineates the fresh start principle, permitting an honest yet unfortunate debtor to be discharged from outstanding debts upon completing the bankruptcy process.

Limits of Financial Rehabilitation:

  • The court acknowledged that while financial rehabilitation is a key goal of the BIA, it is not unlimited. There must be a proper balance of interests. Sections 172 and 178(1) of the BIA set out specific debts and considerations that balance financial rehabilitation with other policy objectives.

Section 178(1) Exceptions:

  • The court highlighted that Section 178(1) enumerates particular debts that are not extinguished by discharge and consequently persist beyond bankruptcy. This provision reflects Parliament’s intention to reconcile financial rehabilitation with other policy objectives, including the maintenance of confidence in the credit system.

Specific Debt Exemptions:

  • The court addressed exemptions under sections 178(1)(a) and 178(1)(e) of the BIA, which were central to the case.
  • Section 178(1)(a) relates to fines, penalties, restitution orders, recognizances, bail, and orders imposed by a court (emphasis added). The court interpreted this subsection to clarify its scope and application to the BCSC’s orders.
  • Section 178(1)(e) pertains to debts or liabilities resulting from obtaining property or services by false pretenses or fraudulent misrepresentation. The court provided a detailed analysis of the elements and requirements of this subsection concerning the case at hand.

Interpretation of Court Orders:

  • There was an analysis of the effect of administrative tribunal decisions being registered as judgments of a court and whether they fall under the exemptions listed in section 178(1)(a) of the BIA.

Decision on Exemptions:

  • Ultimately, the court determined whether the administrative penalties and disgorgement orders in the Poonian case were exempt from discharge under section 178(1)(a) and (e).

Overall, the court’s analysis primarily focused on the relevant exceptions under section 178(1) of the BIA, their interpretation, and their application to the specific circumstances of the case.

Section 178(1) Explained

The legal background of bankruptcy concerning fraud and misrepresentation involves specific elements that need to be established for a debt or liability to survive bankruptcy under section 178(1)(e) of the BIA. Here are the key points in the Supreme Court analysis related to this legislative history:

False Pretences or Fraudulent Misrepresentation:

    • The first requirement is for the creditor to prove that the debts or liabilities were obtained as a result of the debtor’s false pretences or fraudulent misrepresentation.
    • A court cannot infer fraud easily and must independently review the evidence presented.
    • Judicial notice of fraud is not admissible, and fraud cannot be inferred in a cursory manner.
    • The creditor must establish that a deceitful statement was made, which was false, made knowingly without belief in its truth, and that the creditor relied on it and suffered a loss as a result.

Passing of Property or Provision of Services:

    • The second requirement involves a loss in the form of a transfer of property or delivery of services, resulting in a corresponding debt or liability.
    • The bankrupt need not be the direct recipient of the property. It can pass indirectly from the person to a third party at the bankrupt’s direction.
    • The property need not be obtained or retained by the bankrupt, but the fraudulent misrepresentation must induce a person to give the property to the bankrupt or someone associated with the bankrupt.

Link between Debt or Liability and Fraud:

  • The debt or liability must have been created as a direct result of false pretences or fraudulent misrepresentation.
  • The court must ensure a clear and cogent link between the deceitful conduct and the resulting debt or liability.
  • Even if findings of fraud have been made by an administrative decision-maker, the court must make its determination based on a review of the evidence.

In summary, the legal background of bankruptcy and fraud/misrepresentation involves stringent requirements to establish that debts or liabilities were obtained through deceitful actions, resulting in a loss of property or services, and directly linked to the fraudulent conduct. These elements are essential for determining whether a debt or liability can survive bankruptcy under the BIA.

Fraud and Misrepresentation: The Appeal To The Supreme Court

The Supreme Court’s Decision

The Supreme Court’s majority opinion dismissing this appeal by the Poonians written by Justice Côté now provides clarity on the matter. The SCC affirmed that the disgorgement orders are monetary sanctions imposed because of, and thus resulting from, deceitful conduct or dishonest conduct that Parliament specifically sought to address. They are debts that originate from the Poonians having obtained property by false pretences or fraudulent misrepresentations. Accordingly, the disgorgement order falls within the narrow scope of s. 178(1)(e) and should not be released by any order of discharge from bankruptcy. The Supreme Court majority decision decided that the administrative penalties do not fall under any of the section 178(1) exemptions, be it section 178(1)(a) or (e).

This decision illuminates the understanding that the BCSC’s disgorgement order was closely tied to the fraudulent actions of the Poonians, which had directly inflicted financial harm on investors, but the administrative penalties were not. In essence, the court recognized that allowing the disgorgement order to be discharged would go against the spirit of the law designed to root out fraudulent behaviour.

The dissenting opinion from Justices Karakatsanis and Martin also adds an intriguing layer to this narrative. They concurred with the majority opinion for the survival of the disgorgement order under BIA sections 178(1)(e), but they would have given the administrative penalties the same treatment. The dissenting Justices advocated for the idea that all the underlying actions constituted fraud. However, their dissenting opinion did not alienate them from the majority opinion on the disgorgement order.

The Poonian case highlights the critical tension between providing pathways for honest debtors and preventing those engaged in deceit from reaping financial rewards for their actions. It is a reminder that while bankruptcy law aims to provide relief, it should not create loopholes that enable fraudsters to escape accountability. The dissonance between the aims of the BIA and the realities of financial misconduct presents a significant challenge but also an opportunity to fortify legal structures that prioritize the trustworthiness of our financial systems.

The Supreme Court’s Detailed Analysis of Section 178(1) of the BIA

To fully grasp the nuances of bankruptcy discharges, understanding Section 178(1) is crucial. This section explicitly lists categories of debts that a bankruptcy discharge does not cover. Specifically, it sets out parameters that determine if a debt may survive the bankruptcy process.

  • Subsection (a) targets amounts that are deemed penalties specifically imposed by a court for offences.
  • Subsection (e), on the other hand, relates to non-dischargeable debts that arise from unlawful acquisition of property through fraudulent misrepresentation.

Through the context of Poonian’s case, we begin to see the implications of these distinctions. The Supreme Court directly confronted whether the administrative penalties levied against the Poonians did not fall under the non-dischargeable categories, notwithstanding these penalties had been registered with the BC court.

Differences Between Court-Imposed Penalties and Administrative Fines

One of the critical distinctions I’ve noticed is how court-imposed penalties differ fundamentally from administrative fines. Administrative penalties are typically issued by regulatory agencies for violations of regulation rather than for conduct termed by law. In the case at hand, the penalties were administered by the BCSC, which is an administrative body. It was not a decision of the Court.

The Supreme Court highlighted that for the context of subsection (a), penalties need to originate from a court ruling to classify as “court-imposed.” The Justices affirmed neither the administrative penalties nor the disgorgement orders stemming from the BCSC fell under subsection 178(1)(a). Conversely, it recognized that only the disgorgement order debt could indeed be assessed under subsection 178(1)(e) because they arose from the fraudulent actions committed by the Poonians, aligning such misconduct directly with fraudulent misrepresentation.

fraud and misrepresentation
fraud and misrepresentation

Fraud and Misrepresentation: Real-Life Implications for Those Facing Bankruptcy

While exploring this judicial decision, let’s not overlook the real-world implications for individuals grappling with the aftermath of bankruptcy. Bankruptcy proceedings are not simply academic exercises; they represent often hard-fought battles for individuals and families seeking finality and relief from oppressive debt. However, as this case illustrates, an individual’s past actions in the realm of fraud can significantly affect their future financial recovery.

The situation faced by Thalbinder and Shailu Poonian serves as a cautionary tale. After executing a fraudulent market manipulation scheme that inflicted massive financial losses on investors, they found themselves facing not only civil penalties but also the complexities of bankruptcy law that would determine if certain of their debts could not be discharged through the bankruptcy process. Their case spotlighted how, even while seeking refuge under the BIA, the weight of their actions continued to haunt them—shaping their financial reality moving forward.

In the context of fraud and misrepresentation, the legal system takes a firm stance. The Supreme Court underscored that despite bankruptcy serving as a fresh start for many, there remains a clear societal interest in holding those who engage in fraudulent conduct accountable. As one legal expert succinctly articulated,

“It’s essential to maintain the balance between allowing recovery and punishing fraudulent behaviour.”

Upon reviewing the rulings, it becomes evident that the relationship between administrative penalties and bankruptcy discharges presents significant complexities. The evolving nature of jurisprudence underscores the importance of seeking experienced legal counsel for individuals navigating these circumstances. Cases such as that of the Poonians highlight the enduring repercussions of dishonesty in business transactions and the stringent scrutiny that follows in the legal arena.

Moreover, Section 178(1) serves as an essential protective measure against unscrupulous debtors, holding accountable those who exploit the bankruptcy system for personal gain. It is imperative to emphasize that not all debts are treated equitably in bankruptcy proceedings, particularly for individuals who have acquired property through fraud and misrepresentation.

Fraud and Misrepresentation: The Broader Legal Implications of the Ruling

In reflecting on the Supreme Court ruling in this case, I am struck by the potential ramifications for future cases involving a fraudulent scheme and bankruptcy. The ruling not only clarifies certain provisions under the BIA but also highlights that the majority opinion shapes the legal discourse for years to come.

The core issue at stake was whether administrative penalties and disgorgement orders could withstand bankruptcy discharges. The Poonians, who engaged in a significant market manipulation scheme causing notable losses to investors, faced substantial sanctions totalling over $17 million. What caught my attention was the legal reasoning applied by the judges concerning subsections of the BIA — particularly around the distinction of what constitutes a “penalty imposed by a court.” The majority decision concluded that the disgorgement orders could indeed be non-dischargeable, while they dismissed the administrative penalties under section 178(1).

fraud and misrepresentation
fraud and misrepresentation

Fraud and Misrepresentation: Impact on Future Cases

The implications of this ruling extend far beyond the immediate case. The way future fraud cases are adjudicated may fundamentally change as a consequence of this decision. From my perspective, the judicial reasoning employed could pave the way for stricter enforcement of certain penalties against those engaging in fraudulent activity. At the same time, the reasoning, in this case, can be extended to all administrative tribunals charged with maintaining the trust the public can place in the industry they regulate.

I can envision that future court rulings will be influenced by the emphasis placed on the fraudulent behaviour of the individuals involved. If future courts lean towards the rationale demonstrated here, it might deter would-be fraudsters from riskier financial behaviour due to the heightened likelihood of facing non-dischargeable debts post-bankruptcy.

Furthermore, this case might serve as a benchmark for evaluating the legitimacy and scope of financial penalties imposed not only by commissions like the BCSC but also by regulatory bodies across Canada. When I think about the potential for greater clarity in judicial interpretation, I am both hopeful and curious about its influence on how we perceive financial accountability in society at large.

Fraud and Misrepresentation: Conclusion

As I sift through the implications of this Supreme Court decision, I can’t help but reflect on how the outcomes resonate far beyond the courtroom. The repercussions of this case reach every corner of the investment community, sending ripples into regulatory frameworks that must adapt to this reality.

The Poonians were found guilty of orchestrating fraud and misrepresentation through their stock manipulation activities that significantly harmed countless investors. The Supreme Court’s ruling, emphasizes a crucial principle: while bankruptcy laws may offer a fresh start, they should not protect those who engage in unethical conduct.

I hope you enjoyed this fraud and misrepresentation Brandon’s Blog. Do you or your company have too much debt? Are you or your company in need of financial restructuring? The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur or someone with too much personal debt.

You are worried because you are facing significant financial challenges. It is not your fault that you are in this situation. You have been only shown the old ways that do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team uses new modern ways to get you out of your debt troubles while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief freedom.

The stress placed upon you is huge. We understand your pain points. We look at your entire situation and devise a strategy that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. The way we take the load off of your shoulders and devise a plan, we know that we can help you.

We know that people facing financial problems need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” approach with the Ira Smith Team.

That is why we can develop a restructuring process as unique as the financial problems and pain you are facing. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you are serious about finding a solution, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. team today.

Call us now for a free consultation. We will get you or your company back on the road to healthy stress-free operations and recover from the pain points in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

The information provided in this Brandon’s Blog is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or professional advice. Readers are encouraged to seek professional advice regarding their specific situations. The content of this Brandon’s Blog should not be relied upon as a substitute for professional guidance or consultation. The author, Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. as well as any contributors to this Brandon’s Blog, do not assume any liability for any loss or damage resulting from reliance on the information provided herein.

fraud and misrepresentation
fraud and misrepresentation
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IF YOU DECLARE BANKRUPTCY WHAT HAPPENS? A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW

If you declare bankruptcy what happens
if you declare bankruptcy what happens

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? Introduction to Financial Hardships

In life, we often face unexpected challenges that test our resilience and determination. Such is the experience of people we help who have encountered financial hardships due to an unforeseen event outside of their control such as job loss. The burden of mounting debts and looming financial uncertainty weighs heavily on people, pushing them to explore solutions that would lead them toward a path of financial recovery.

That is who we help – the honest but unfortunate debtor. Dealing with financial hardships is a journey that tests our resilience and determination. It’s a path filled with unexpected twists and turns, challenging us to find the strength within ourselves to overcome the obstacles that come our way.

People with financial difficulties, particularly in the face of job loss, credit card debts, income tax debts and the contemplation of bankruptcy, learn valuable lessons about financial recovery, overcoming challenges, and the empowerment that comes from taking control of your financial future. That and if you declare bankruptcy what happens, is what this Brandon’s Blog is about.

Impact of That Unforeseen Event Outside Of Your Control On Your Financial Situation

The impact of that uncontrollable event such as losing your job goes beyond just the loss of income. It disrupts the stability we have worked so hard to build, leaving us feeling vulnerable and uncertain about the future. When someone becomes unemployed, they struggle to make ends meet, juggling bills and expenses with a limited budget. The stress and anxiety that come with financial insecurity can be overwhelming, but it’s during these challenging times that we discover our inner strength and resilience.

Struggles with Credit Card Payments and Bills

One of the most daunting aspects of financial hardships is the burden of credit card payments and bills that seem to pile up with each passing day. People find themselves caught in a cycle of debt, where the minimum payments barely make a dent in the overall balance. The constant worry about falling behind on payments and the fear of accumulating more debt can weigh heavily on our minds, affecting our peace of mind and overall well-being.

Considering Bankruptcy as a Viable Option

When individuals are confronted with substantial debt and limited solutions, the prospect of bankruptcy may arise as a challenging but potentially necessary step toward financial recovery. In my capacity as a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly known as a bankruptcy trustee), I assist individuals through a process of thorough research and consultation. My role involves guiding and comprehending the bankruptcy process, and its ramifications and exploring viable alternatives to bankruptcy. Opting for bankruptcy is a significant decision that individuals are supported in making through a careful evaluation of their financial circumstances, prospects, and personal aspirations.

Throughout the bankruptcy process, the individuals I work with gain invaluable insights into financial empowerment and the importance of seeking assistance when encountering financial challenges. While bankruptcy may lead to temporary implications on one’s credit rating, it also presents an opportunity for a fresh start and the possibility to rebuild a secure financial foundation. Engaging in the bankruptcy process fosters financial resilience and enhances individuals’ ability to navigate future financial decisions effectively.

If you declare bankruptcy what happens
if you declare bankruptcy what happens

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? Exploring Options: The Role of Licensed Insolvency Trustees

A journey towards financial recovery will lead you to a consultation with a licensed insolvency trustee. This no-cost initial consultation will become a guiding light offering insights and solutions to your financial challenges.

Engaging in consultations with a licensed insolvency trustee marks a crucial juncture in your financial path. Our proficiency and empathy equip debtors to comprehend the various solutions at their disposal and make well-informed choices regarding their financial destiny. By engaging in transparent and candid dialogues, you acquire the requisite insight to navigate the intricate bankruptcy process with strength and resolve.

In your journey towards your financial empowerment, the Trustee serves as a pivotal figure in facilitating the bankruptcy application process with the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada (OSB) and guiding you every step of the way. By taking this initial step, you are relieved of the responsibility of making direct payments to unsecured creditors and are granted a stay of proceedings, preventing creditors from initiating or pursuing collection or legal actions against you. This offers a sense of comfort and security, shielding you from additional financial pressures.

Despite the challenges you may be facing, you will find solace in knowing that certain assets may be safeguarded by provincial and federal laws, ensuring a measure of stability during this turbulent time. The Trustee’s guidance on surplus income payments, credit counselling sessions and debt repayment strategies instills a sense of discipline, confidence and commitment toward overcoming financial obstacles.

While the journey toward financial recovery may have its hurdles, the Trustee reassures you that every step taken will lead you closer to a brighter future. Though some people may have a narrow category of debts that may not be discharged, the prospect of rebuilding your financial foundation fills you with hope and optimism.

Through this experience, will learn that resilience in finance is not just about overcoming challenges but also about embracing the opportunity for growth and renewal. As you navigate through the bankruptcy process support provided by the Trustee paves the way for a new beginning filled with hope and possibilities.

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? What is bankruptcy?

Definition of bankruptcy

Canadian bankruptcy is a legal process where an individual, a business or a company declares they are insolvent and are unable to meet their financial obligations. They work with a licensed insolvency trustee to legally file an assignment in bankruptcy. They do so to assign their unencumbered assets to the Trustee and get relief from their overwhelming debt load.

Laws governing bankruptcy in Canada

Navigating the intricate realm of bankruptcy in Canada is a dance choreographed by the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA). This piece of legislation orchestrates the delicate balance between debtors, creditors, and Trustees, each playing a unique role in the bankruptcy waltz.

When a debtor takes the courageous step of filing for bankruptcy, they are required to bear their financial soul to the Trustee, laying out their assets, liabilities, and monetary intricacies. The Trustee, like a wise conductor, then ensures a harmonious distribution of the debtor’s assets among their creditors, aiming to untangle the financial web that binds them.

For individuals, bankruptcy offers a chance at rebirth, a fresh canvas on which to paint a new financial future. However, for a company or business, it may signify the final curtain call for that legal entity. Yet, there exists a glimmer of hope in the form of selling core assets to a willing successor, potentially salvaging jobs and keeping the business flame alive.

In this intricate ballet of financial redemption, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act stands as the maestro, guiding the players toward a resolution that seeks to balance the scales of financial responsibility.

If you declare bankruptcy what happens
if you declare bankruptcy what happens

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? Who qualifies for bankruptcy?

Criteria for qualifying for bankruptcy

In Canada, debtors facing significant debt challenges and unable to meet their financial obligations to creditors may be eligible for bankruptcy relief. To qualify for bankruptcy, debtors must have a minimum of $1,000 in unsecured debt and have been residing in Canada for at least the previous six months before filing, or have a substantial connection to the country.

Alternatives to bankruptcy – Individuals

Depending on how pressing the person’s debts are, there are several alternatives to personal bankruptcy that a licensed insolvency trustee can walk you through. The most common alternatives are:

  1. Credit counselling and budgeting assistance: Sometimes people just need help understanding where their family income comes from and how it is spent. In cases like this, going to a non-profit credit counselling service to get some tips and help in developing a monthly household budget and sticking to it is all that is necessary for the household to get back on track.
  2. Debt consolidation: If you still can borrow money at a rate lower than the amounts you are currently being charged on high-interest-rate credit cards and payday loans, you need to look at debt consolidation. Rather than having several to many high-rate debts, if you can borrow the total amount of your debt from a bank or credit union at a much lower rate than you are currently paying and use that new loan to pay off your high-interest rate debts, that will help immensely. Now you have one lower interest rate loan to repay.
  3. Consumer proposal: A consumer proposal is a formal filing under the BIA, however, it is not bankruptcy. It is where you make a contract with your creditors to pay less than you owe in total. It is based on your monthly income, to offer making monthly payments to the Trustee towards your debt. Normally you pay around 25% of your total debt to the Trustee. If your creditors agree, you can take up to 60 months to complete a consumer proposal. When you have finished making your payments, you get a Certificate of Full Performance and the balance of your debt is wiped away.

Alternatives to bankruptcy – Companies

  1. Asset sales: Are there underused or redundant assets in the company that could be sold to raise needed cash to significantly reduce or eliminate corporate debt? This should first be explored.
  2. Refinancing: Can the company refinance to take advantage of a loan opportunity that will help with its cash flow through lower interest, monthly payments or both? Retiring expensive debt and replacing it with more manageable debt is another avenue to explore.
  3. Formal restructuring – BIA Proposal: Companies that have a viable but insolvent business can look at a formal restructuring. Although it is an alternative to avoid bankruptcy, it is commonly referred to as bankruptcy protection. A proposal under the BIA is where the company can negotiate with creditors to come up with a plan to repay its debts over some timeperiod of time. Just like in a consumer proposal, the company pays less than 100% of its debt load, but upon completion, eliminates all of its unsecured debt.
  4. Formal restructuring – Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA): Companies that owe $5 million or more can also restructure as long as they have a viable business. The CCAA allows a company to restructure its debts and business operations under the supervision of a court-appointed monitor. It is essentially the same as a BIA Proposal, but just under a different Canadian statute.
  5. A BIA Proposal and a CCAA restructuring a similar processes you always hear under the US bankruptcy law of bankruptcy chapter 11.

If You Declare Bankruptcy What happens to your assets, debts, and income during bankruptcy?

Going through a financial crisis can be incredibly challenging, but it’s important to remember that there is always a way forward. The people we help who go through the bankruptcy process are a testament to the resilience in finance and the power of financial empowerment as they use bankruptcy to turn their lives around.

Treatment of assets in bankruptcy

One of the concerns people have when considering bankruptcy is what happens to their assets. When someone goes bankrupt, they may not have to give up all of their assets. Let me explain as follows:

Secured debts: When you have assets where there are secured loans against those assets, such as a house or a motor vehicle, the Trustee’s interest is only the bankrupt’s equity in that asset. If there is little or no equity, and your monthly budget shows that you can afford to make the monthly loan payments and you wish to keep the asset, then you can do so. The Trustee will discuss with you ways in which the Trustee can realize the bankrupt’s equity without that asset being taken away.

Exempt assets: Certain provincial and federal laws safeguard some of your possessions when you file for bankruptcy. As provincial laws vary, you need to get the complete list from a licensed insolvency trustee in the area where you live.

Non-exempt assets: Non-exempt assets refer to assets owned by a bankrupt individual that are not protected by a secured creditor’s security interest or are exempt under provincial or federal laws. These assets fall within a category that the Trustee must liquidate to benefit the creditors involved in the bankruptcy proceedings.

Treatment of debts in bankruptcy

Once the bankruptcy application is filed with the OSB, a significant burden is lifted off the bankrupt’s shoulders. Direct payments to creditors cease, and the Trustee notifies all the creditors and there is an immediate stay of proceedings.

This means that any legal actions cannot be commenced or continued against the bankrupt and all collection activities, such as wage garnishment are put on hold. This offers the person much-needed relief from the constant financial pressure.

Some debts cannot be discharged, such as alimony, child support, valid secured loans and certain types of student loans. A Trustee in your no-cost initial consultation will look at the details of your debts and advise you if any would not be discharged from your bankruptcy estate.

While the decision to make the bankruptcy filing may seem daunting, it is a necessary step toward regaining control of your finances and eliminating the stress in your life. Knowing that your wages are protected from garnishment provides a sense of security during this challenging time.

Treatment of income during bankruptcy

While in bankruptcy, the Trustee monitors the person’s monthly income and expenses. The Trustee is required by the OSB and under the BIA, to do a calculation to determine if the bankrupt person has sufficient income to contribute towards his or her total debts by making surplus income payments to the Trustee.

The Trustee is required to do this calculation both at the time of the bankruptcy filing and throughout the time the person is an undischarged bankrupt. If the person’s income changes, either up or down, this will affect the calculation.

Although judgment creditors cannot garnish wages, it is possible that until the person gets their bankruptcy discharge, they may have to contribute something from their monthly income under the surplus income calculation. A licensed insolvency trustee can explain the calculation to you.

If you declare bankruptcy what happens
if you declare bankruptcy what happens

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? How long does personal bankruptcy last?

Personal bankruptcy typically lasts for 9 months for a first-time bankrupt in Canada. Your first-time bankruptcy will extend to 21 months if you have to pay surplus income. If this isn’t your first bankruptcy, it will last longer.

At the end of this time, if you have fulfilled all of your bankruptcy duties and neither the Trustee nor any creditor who has proven their bankruptcy claim opposes your discharge, then you are entitled to your bankruptcy discharge. It is at the time you receive your discharge from bankruptcy, that your debts can be discharged.

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? What Are Your Duties During Bankruptcy?

Responsibilities and obligations during bankruptcy

The primary responsibilities entail the disclosure of all assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. It is required to provide bank statements and other relevant records to support the information provided. In the event of a creditors’ meeting, attendance is mandatory.

Attendance at credit counseling sessions

Participating in the two mandatory counselling sessions is an essential component of a bankrupt’s journey toward financial recovery. Each counselling session is held with a person from the Trustee’s office who the OSB has licensed as a credit counsellor.

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? What Is The Impact On Your Credit Score?

Impact on credit score during and after bankruptcy

Filing for bankruptcy in Canada can have a significant impact on your credit score, both during and after the bankruptcy process. Here’s a breakdown of what you can expect:

During Bankruptcy:

  1. Initial Credit Score Decline: Upon filing for bankruptcy, it is common for individuals to experience a substantial decrease in their credit score, typically by 100-200 points or more. This decline is largely attributed to the fact that bankruptcy is a matter of public record, leading lenders to perceive it as a high-risk event.
  2. Credit Reporting: Your credit report will reflect the bankruptcy filing and remain on your report for at least 6 years from the date of discharge (more on discharge below).
  3. Credit Inquiries: Lenders may conduct credit inquiries to assess your creditworthiness, which can further lower your credit score.

After Bankruptcy:

  1. Credit Score Recovery: After bankruptcy, your credit score will gradually recover over time. The rate of recovery depends on your credit habits and the steps you take to rebuild your credit (see next discussion).
  2. Credit Reporting: The bankruptcy notation on your credit report will remain for roughly 6 years from the date of discharge. After that, it will be removed from your report.
  3. Credit Score Objectives: Strive to attain a credit score ranging between 600 and 650 within 2-3 years post-bankruptcy. This will enhance your eligibility for improved loan conditions and interest rates.

Discharge:

In Canada, bankruptcy typically lasts for 9-21 months, depending on your financial situation and the type of bankruptcy you file for (e.g., consumer proposal or personal bankruptcy). Once you’ve completed the bankruptcy process and received a discharge, the bankruptcy notation will be removed from your credit report.

Rebuilding credit after bankruptcy

Tips for Rebuilding Credit After Bankruptcy:

  1. Monitor your credit report: Conduct a thorough review of your credit report to verify its accuracy and pinpoint any potential areas for improvement.
  2. Make on-time payments: It is imperative to make payments on time for all financial obligations to showcase a commendable track record of credit responsibility.
  3. Keep credit utilization low: Maintain a disciplined approach to managing credit by ensuring your credit utilization remains low and refraining from excessive spending. Additionally, exercise caution when seeking new credit opportunities by minimizing credit inquiries and refraining from submitting multiple applications within a condensed timeframe.
  4. Avoid new credit inquiries: Limit the number of credit applications you make and try to avoid applying for multiple credit products within a short timeframe. This will help you maintain a stable credit profile and minimize the impact of new credit inquiries on your credit score.
  5. Credit Score Rebuilding: If you’re looking to improve your credit after facing financial challenges, some practical steps you can take include applying for a secured credit card, becoming an authorized user on a family member’s credit account, or taking out a small loan. One relatively accessible option post-bankruptcy is getting an RRSP loan, where the RRSP is held at the same financial institution you’re borrowing from.

These kinds of loans must normally be repaid within 1 year. Making all loan payments on time and doing the same thing again the following year not only will rebuild your credit, but also build your savings.

If you declare bankruptcy what happens
if you declare bankruptcy what happens

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? What are the consequences for your spouse’s credit and assets?

Spouse’s liability for joint debts

In Canada, when one spouse files for bankruptcy, sometimes it can have consequences for the other spouse’s credit and assets, depending on the type of bankruptcy and the couple’s financial situation. Here’s a breakdown of the most common issues.

  • Credit Score Impact: The non-bankrupt spouse’s credit score could be affected if they are jointly liable for certain debts with the bankrupt spouse. This is because it may view the non-bankrupt spouse as being the next to default.
  • Joint Debts: If the couple has joint debts, such as a mortgage, car loan, or credit card, the non-bankrupt spouse will still be responsible for paying those debts. This is because joint debts are considered a shared responsibility.
  • Assets at Risk: Any of the non-bankrupt spouse’s assets that are jointly owned with the bankrupt spouse, will be at some level of risk. For example, if the couple owns a jointly held property, the Trustee must recover the non-exempt equity of the bankrupt spouse’s assets. In jointly held property, this will on a practical level impact and involve the non-bankrupt spouse, who is the natural purchaser of the bankrupt spouse’s equity.
  • Credit Reporting: The non-debtor spouse’s credit report may reflect the bankruptcy filing depending on the type of bankruptcy, the credit reporting agency and any joint debts or debts guaranteed by the non-bankrupt spouse.

Types of Bankruptcy and Their Impact on the Non-Debtor Spouse

Consumer Proposal: A consumer proposal is a debt settlement agreement between the insolvent spouse and their creditors. In this case, the non-insolvent spouse is not directly affected by the consumer proposal filing, but they may still be responsible for paying joint debts.

Personal Bankruptcy: Personal bankruptcy is a more severe type of bankruptcy that involves the liquidation of assets to pay off debts. In this case, the non-insolvent spouse’s assets may be at risk if they are jointly owned by the bankrupt spouse.

Protection of spouse’s assets during bankruptcy

The time to put plans in place to protect the assets of each spouse is upon the acquisition of each asset when neither spouse is insolvent. Any transfers of assets aiming to shield them from creditors, will not be successful. Here are some tips:

Separate Property: If the non-insolvent spouse has separate property, such as a separate bank account or a separate property, it is generally protected from the bankrupt spouse’s creditors.

Exemptions: In Ontario, individuals going through bankruptcy can keep certain assets as exempt property. These include household furnishings and appliances valued up to $14,180, livestock, tools, and other items used in farming up to $31,379 for farmers, tools of trade up to $14,405 for self-employed individuals, one motor vehicle worth up to $7,117, equity in a primary residence not exceeding $10,783, and funds in registered plans like RRSPs, RRIFs (other than contributions in the 12 months preceding the bankruptcy), and life insurance policies with designated beneficiaries such as a parent, spouse or child.

Credit Counseling: Additionally, credit counselling might be a good idea for the non-bankrupt spouse.

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens After You Are Discharged From Bankruptcy?

Discharge from bankruptcy

The effects of an absolute discharge from personal bankruptcy for the person are substantial. As soon as an outright discharge is granted, the debtor is no longer accountable for any type of unsecured debts that existed at the date of bankruptcy (with a few specific exceptions). The debtor is launched from needing to pay back debts that they took on before applying for bankruptcy.

This indicates that the debtor no longer has to stress over paying back those financial debts and can move on with their life. This supplies a clean slate for the borrower and helps them return to their feet.

There are different types of bankruptcy discharges. The one every bankrupt person wants is an absolute discharge. However, sometimes there is a reason for either a creditor, the licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a trustee in bankruptcy), or both, to oppose a bankrupt person’s discharge. When this happens, there must be a court hearing to determine what form of discharge the bankrupt is entitled to.

The purpose of the discharge hearing is for the court to view the evidence put forward by those opposing an absolute discharge, the bankrupt who believes they are entitled to one and to review the Trustee’s report and gain further information about the conduct of the bankrupt person, both before and during bankruptcy, and to hear about the administration of the bankruptcy.

At the discharge hearing, the court is attempting to balance the right of a bankrupt person to receive a discharge and the rights of the creditors to be paid. The court will also be concerned that the administration of the bankruptcy is not only fair to all parties but is also seen to be fair. I recently came across a decision of the Court of King’s Bench of Alberta which exemplifies this finding of balance.

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: When can a bankrupt person be discharged? If you have filed for bankruptcy for the first time, you may qualify for an automatic discharge after a 9-month bankruptcy period. To qualify for this automatic discharge, you must have:

  • attended the two mandatory financial counselling sessions with the Trustee;
  • no requirement to pay surplus income, being a portion of their income is paid to the bankruptcy estate
  • according to guidelines set by the OSB or Official Receiver); and no opposition to his or her discharge. The only party that can authorize an
  • automatic discharge
  • in bankruptcy is the Trustee.

If you have made an assignment in bankruptcy before and so this subsequent bankruptcy is your 2nd bankruptcy, you will need to wait at least 24 months before you can receive a discharge. If you have a surplus income payment requirement, your bankruptcy will be prolonged to 36 months.

If you have filed for bankruptcy twice before, you can expect the timeline for a third bankruptcy to be the same as your 2nd. However, the Trustee or creditors may be more resistant to your discharge this time. The court may extend the timeline if it deems necessary.

Rehabilitation and rebuilding finances after bankruptcy – A Path to Financial Freedom

Rehab after personal bankruptcy entails a combination of finance management, debt administration, and as indicated above, credit rebuilding. The goal is to produce a sustainable economic strategy that permits you to manage your debt, reconstruct your credit, and achieve lasting financial security.

The key steps to rehabilitation are:

  1. Get your bankruptcy discharge: Attend the two mandatory financial counselling sessions with your licensed insolvency trustee firm, fulfill all your other duties in the bankruptcy administration and obtain your discharge from bankruptcy
  2. Create a Budget: Continue tracking your income and expenses to identify areas where you can cut back and allocate funds more effectively. A budget will help you prioritize your spending and make informed financial decisions.
  3. Prioritize Debt Repayment: Focus on starting within your budget spending so that you can pay your bills every month on time in full.
  4. Rebuild Credit: Use the tips I listed above to rebuild your credit.
  5. Screen Credit Reports: Obtain a duplicate of your credit report and correct any type of mistakes or errors to guarantee your credit score is accurate.
  6. Seek Professional Guidance: If you feel you need an element of accountability to help you in your rehabilitation, seek out a non-profit credit counsellor or financial coach to give you personalized guidance and support to help you navigate the rehabilitation process and achieve your financial goals.

Rehabilitation after bankruptcy can have numerous benefits, including:

  • Improved credit scores
  • Reduced debt burden
  • Increased financial stability
  • Greater financial flexibility
  • A fresh start

    If you declare bankruptcy what happens
    if you declare bankruptcy what happens

If You Declare Bankruptcy What Happens? Looking Towards a Brighter Future Conclusion

The people we help through personal bankruptcy for their journey of financial recovery are filled with a sense of gratitude and hope. The impact of understanding their credit rating, navigating the bankruptcy process, and embracing the steps toward recovery are profound. It not only tests their resilience in finance but also empowers them to envision a brighter future filled with possibilities through a fresh start.

I hope you enjoyed this if you declare bankruptcy what happens Brandon’s Blog. Do you or your company have too much debt? Are you or your company in need of financial restructuring? The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur or someone with too much personal debt.

You are worried because you are facing significant financial challenges. It is not your fault that you are in this situation. You have been only shown the old ways that do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team uses new modern ways to get you out of your debt troubles while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief freedom.

The stress placed upon you is huge. We understand your pain points. We look at your entire situation and devise a strategy that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. The way we take the load off of your shoulders and devise a plan, we know that we can help you.

We know that people facing financial problems need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” approach with the Ira Smith Team.

That is why we can develop a restructuring process as unique as the financial problems and pain you are facing. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you are serious about finding a solution, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. team today.

Call us now for a free consultation. We will get you or your company back on the road to healthy stress-free operations and recover from the pain points in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

The information provided in this Brandon’s Blog is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or professional advice. Readers are encouraged to seek professional advice regarding their specific situations. The content of this Brandon’s Blog should not be relied upon as a substitute for professional guidance or consultation. The author, Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. as well as any contributors to this Brandon’s Blog, do not assume any liability for any loss or damage resulting from reliance on the information provided herein.

If you declare bankruptcy what happens
if you declare bankruptcy what happens
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Brandon Blog Post

BANKRUPTCY AND CRA DEBT STRATEGIES: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE ON NAVIGATING DEBT MANAGEMENT AND TAX RELIEF

An image of a woman holding her head in her hands with an image of a building with a Canadian flag behind her to represent a woman worrying about her bankruptcy and CRA debt.
bankruptcy and cra debt

bankruptcy and cra debt

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt Introduction

Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland introduced the 2024 Federal Budget on April 16. During her presentation in Parliament, she advised that Budget 2024 will include that any capital gain will be taxed from the current 50% to two-thirds. April 30 was the last day for most Canadians to file their 2022 personal income tax return.

At the end of April, Ms. Freeland announced that Budget 2024 would not include the capital gains tax change. Rather, she will ask Parliament to approve a stand-alone Bill which will include the capital gains tax change, no doubt combined with other initiatives such as more Federal money for access to housing, in a crass move to try to score voter points when the Conservatives vote against the Bill because of the tax increase. So income tax owed to the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) is on everyone’s mind.

Canadian entrepreneurs are up in arms over the Budget 2024 capital gains taxation change. People are concerned over the level of taxation disclosed in their personal income tax returns. Some Canadians do not have the money to pay their calculated income tax payable.

This Brandon’s Blog discusses the complex world of Canadian bankruptcy and CRA debt, along with other potential options, to achieve financial stability. I aim to equip people with the necessary knowledge and strategies to make informed choices.

Definition of Bankruptcy and CRA Debt

Bankruptcy is a legal condition where consumers or companies admit they are unable to pay their outstanding debts. The bankruptcy process is a supervision and administration process overseen by a licensed insolvency trustee and the court. Under the bankruptcy legislation, people and businesses can either: (i) restructure to eliminate their debt by only paying a percentage of the amount owing; or (ii) liquidate most of their assets for the proceeds to be paid to the creditors in priority as outlined in the legislation.

CRA debt is one kind of debt that individuals or companies may owe for unpaid taxes, penalties and interest. Understanding the workings of bankruptcy and CRA debt will help people owing taxes they cannot repay make informed decisions on how to deal with their debts to get back to a financially healthy and stress-free life.

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bankruptcy and cra debt

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt: Importance of Debt Management and Tax Relief

Effective debt management and tax relief are crucial aspects of financial stability for individuals facing Canadian bankruptcy and CRA debt. By implementing sound strategies for managing debt and seeking relief from tax obligations, individuals can regain control of their finances and work towards a brighter financial future.

Debt management techniques such as budgeting, debt consolidation, and credit counselling can help individuals navigate the complexities of bankruptcy and CRA debt. Additionally, exploring tax relief solutions such as deductions, payment plans, and professional assistance can alleviate the burden of tax liabilities. Prioritizing debt management and tax relief is key to overcoming financial challenges and achieving long-term financial well-being.

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt: Understanding Bankruptcy in Canada

What is bankruptcy?

Having a solid grasp of how bankruptcy can affect a person is vital for those experiencing financial difficulties. Things such as the different types of bankruptcy, the procedure for initiating bankruptcy proceedings, and the real-life impact it has on a person’s daily life are crucial for anyone considering personal bankruptcy to understand. By examining the intricacies of bankruptcy, I hope you will gain valuable insights into how to effectively navigate this intricate legal process.

Whether contemplating personal or corporate bankruptcy, understanding critical aspects such as which assets can be liquidated by a Trustee, how your debt gets discharged, and creditor negotiations is essential. With the appropriate knowledge and assistance, people can make well-informed choices to manage their debts to head towards a new financial beginning.

Bankruptcy laws in Canada

Bankruptcy laws in Canada are a set of legislation and regulations that govern obtaining bankruptcy protection and the subsequent handling of a person or business’ financial affairs. These laws are designed to provide individuals and companies with a second chance to manage their debts and start afresh.

In Canada, the main governing legislation for bankruptcy is the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA), which outlines the procedures and requirements for obtaining relief to restructure debts under either a consumer proposal or a Division I proposal.

If restructuring is not a possibility, the BIA also covers the procedures for what is always the last choice, a liquidating bankruptcy. The BIA also covers the rights and responsibilities of debtors, creditors and insolvency trustees. Additionally, each province has its legislation that may impact the result of bankruptcy under federal laws.

In the case of larger and more intricate corporations, the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) presents an additional federal statute to be considered. This legislative provision enables such substantial entities to effectively reorganize their operations and financial matters, thereby ensuring their sustained business activities and provision of employment opportunities for Canadians.

Individuals and businesses alike must gain comprehensive knowledge of these legal frameworks and diligently seek expert counsel before undertaking any bankruptcy-related determinations.

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bankruptcy and cra debt

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt

Overview of the CRA

The CRA is entrusted with the pivotal responsibility of overseeing the execution of tax laws and programs on behalf of the Canadian government at the federal level. From 1867 until 1999, the Department of National Revenue, commonly referred to as Revenue Canada bore the responsibility of overseeing tax services and programs. However, in 1999, a comprehensive reorganization took place, resulting in the establishment of the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA).

Subsequently, in 2003, the CCRA underwent further transformation, giving rise to the inception of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), thereby altering the agency’s core focus and subsequently prompting its name change to CRA.

The CRA’s mandate revolves around the proficient and equitable collection of taxes, diligent administration of benefits, and rigorous enforcement of tax laws. Additionally, they extend their services to taxpayers by disseminating pertinent information and offering assistance to ensure that Canadians have accurate comprehension and adherence to tax obligations.

Upholding the utmost integrity of Canada’s tax system while fostering voluntary compliance through educational outreach and enforcement measures remains at the forefront of the agency’s priorities. Backed by a devoted team of professionals and leveraging cutting-edge technology, the CRA is steadfastly committed to delivering superlative and exemplary services to the Canadian populace.

Types of debt owed to the CRA

Unpaid taxes result in individuals or businesses facing substantial CRA debt financial obligations. It is important to understand the ramifications associated with such indebtedness, given that it can give rise to severe repercussions including wage garnishment, bank account freezing, or legal repercussions. To mitigate the weight of this debt and avert penalties, it is always highly recommended to stay current in your obligations to CRA.

The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) collects a range of debts from both individuals and businesses. Among these debts, the most prevalent is income tax owed, which represents the unpaid tax on an individual’s or business’s income. Another significant debt includes the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or, in provinces without sales tax, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) owed. These taxes apply to most goods and services supplied within Canada. CRA may also assess the individual Directors for GST/HST and employee source deductions not remitted by the corporation.

Furthermore, individuals and businesses may also encounter debts such as payroll remittance, excise tax, and penalties or interest charges resulting from late or erroneous filings. To ensure compliance and avoid further penalties or potential legal consequences, individuals and businesses must promptly and accurately address these debts on time.

Consequences of CRA debt

Noncompliance with the CRA and the resulting indebtedness can lead to serious problems for both individuals and businesses. Failing to pay your tax obligations to the CRA results in penalties, interest charges, and legal repercussions. These ramifications extend beyond mere financial burdens, encompassing wage garnishments, bank account seizures, seizure of amounts owing to the taxpayer from third parties, and property liens.

The CRA can freeze your assets and conduct audits to recover outstanding debts. The detrimental consequences of indebtedness to the CRA can have far-reaching implications, impairing credit ratings and impeding access to loans or mortgages. It is of utmost importance for individuals and businesses to expeditiously address and resolve any outstanding debt owed to the CRA to avert these severe consequences. Retaining a tax professional to assist in dealing with CRA is always advisable.

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt: Exploring CRA Debt Solutions in Canada

Informal Debt Settlements

When you seek an informal debt settlement option with CRA, absent formal insolvency proceedings, you will be disappointed. Without an insolvency proceeding, the CRA representative has no authority to accept anything other than 100 cents on the dollar – payment in full of the assessed tax, penalty and interest.

You can apply for a fairness hearing to see if you can get all or a portion of the penalty and interest eliminated, but the CRA person you speak to can only talk about the full amount that shows up on their computer screen.

Debt Repayment Plans

CRA will enter into a debt repayment plan, but depending on your situation, again, you may be disappointed. Normally, CRA will only agree to have you pay the full tax debt balance, plus penalty and interest, in 12 monthly instalments over the 1 year. That means that you need to repay the full amount in one year.

If you default on even one payment, then the whole deal is off and CRA will pursue you for the full amount to be immediately repaid. For some, this may be just the breathing room they need and they will be able to repay the full amount of the CRA debt over 12 equal monthly payments. But what if you cannot afford to do that?

Bankruptcy as a Debt Relief Option

Bankruptcy presents a potential solution for individuals or businesses grappling with substantial financial difficulties, especially those brought on by owing a substantial amount to CRA. By discharging most unsecured debts and providing a shield against creditors, it offers a pathway to financial renewal.

Nonetheless, it is crucial to approach bankruptcy as a final option due to its enduring impacts on credit rating, employment in areas that require bonding, and today to a much lesser extent, personal standing. Before making a decision, it is advisable to seek guidance from a qualified licensed insolvency trustee to gain a comprehensive understanding of the ramifications and to evaluate alternative strategies such as debt consolidation, a consumer proposal or corporate financial restructuring.

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bankruptcy and cra debt

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt: The Bankruptcy Process in Canada

The bankruptcy process involves a diverse array of stakeholders, each playing a crucial role. Among the key participants are:

  1. The insolvent individual or company, referred to as the debtor, has undergone financial failure and is now also known as the bankrupt.
  2. The licensed insolvency trustee, formerly known as a trustee in bankruptcy, is responsible for managing the bankruptcy proceedings.
  3. The creditors are owed financial obligations by the debtor.
  4. The Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB), holds the mandate to regulate and oversee all administrations governed by the BIA within Canada.

Preparing for Bankruptcy

To prepare for bankruptcy, the debtor, being either the individual or the Director of the company, must make full disclosure to the licensed insolvency trustee about all assets and liabilities and all other information requested by the Trustee. This allows the Trustee to provide the debtor with advice on the realistic available options for the debtor to overcome their debt challenges and hopefully find a solution other than bankruptcy.

The Trustee will want to ensure that the debtor has filed all overdue income tax returns. That way, the debtor, the Trustee and CRA will have a good estimate of all the tax the person owes, subject to review and assessment by CRA of course. At least there will not be any outstanding filings as this can slow down an insolvency process. CRA will want a pause in the insolvency proceedings until they are certain they understand the full amount owed.

If it is decided that an insolvency process is required, such as bankruptcy, then the information also allows the Trustee to prepare all the necessary filing documents.

Filing for Bankruptcy

Filing for bankruptcy is a legal process that allows individuals or businesses to seek relief from overwhelming financial obligations, including CRA debt. It involves filing an assignment in bankruptcy document which is prepared by the Trustee, and reviewed and signed by the debtor. The bankruptcy filing discloses all assets, liabilities, and income and expenses.

Personal bankruptcy can be a complex and emotional decision, but it can provide both a shield against CRA debt collection activities and seizures and simultaneously a fresh start for those individuals struggling with overwhelming debt.

It is crucial to seek the guidance of a licensed insolvency trustee to get the advice necessary to ensure a smooth and successful filing. Bankruptcy is not a decision to be taken lightly, but it can offer a solution to individuals and companies facing insurmountable financial challenges.

Duties and Responsibilities during Bankruptcy

The focus of the BIA in personal bankruptcy is for the honest but unfortunate debtor to a society free of his or her debts. The premise is that the bankrupt, or the officer of the bankrupt corporation, will fulfill their duties with integrity and honesty. The duties are outlined in the OSB’s Directive No. 26. If you are interested, you can read them HERE.

But what if they don’t? What if the individual bankrupt does not fulfill all of their duties and essentially absences themself from the process once they have filed their assignment in bankruptcy? In that case, the Trustee must oppose the bankrupt’s application for discharge and bring the matter to court. With CRA debt, there are times when CRA will automatically oppose a person’s discharge from bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt Discharge Considerations

Corporations do not receive a bankruptcy discharge; individuals do. When it comes to CRA debt, there are times when CRA automatically opposes a person’s discharge or when a Trustee must.

If an individual filing for bankruptcy has personal income tax debt exceeding $200,000 and if the personal income tax debt accounts for 75% or more of the total unsecured proven claims, they are not eligible for automatic discharge under section 172.1 of the BIA. GST/HST payable is not factored into the determination for high-tax debtors, but taxes on additional income resulting from shareholder loans, draws, or dividends are included in their assessment.

For high-tax debtors seeking discharge, the licensed insolvency trustee will present the bankrupt’s discharge application to the court for a hearing, which the individual must attend. The court’s considerations and the type of discharge order granted for high-tax debtors differ from those in cases of bankruptcy filed by non-high-tax debtors. To avoid this scenario, a high-tax debtor should consider filing an alternative to bankruptcy, such as a restructuring proposal.

Dealing with Bankruptcy and CRA Debt

Outstanding Tax Returns

Unremitted Canadian tax filings mean tax returns that are either outstanding or incomplete within the specified filing deadlines for Canadian taxpayers. Such delinquent filings will incur penalties and interest charges, requiring individuals and companies to prioritize their tax responsibilities with utmost care. It becomes the duty of each taxpayer to ensure the prompt and accurate submission of their tax returns, to avoid negative repercussions.

Tax accountants and lawyers help their clients in fulfilling their tax obligations. Timely resolution of outstanding Canadian tax returns is essential to sustain compliance and avert any future complexities.

As stated above, any person or company contemplating either trying to reach an accommodation from CRA or invoking an insolvency process to deal with their CRA debt must bring all their filings up to date.

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt: Discharge in Bankruptcy

I discussed the issues for an individual high-tax debtor trying to get their discharge from bankruptcy. The Trustee must bring the application to court. At the discharge hearing, subject to any other problematic issues with the debtor’s conduct before or during the bankruptcy administration, CRA will send a lawyer from the Department of Justice to the discharge hearing to request a condition be placed on the bankrupt before they can obtain their discharge.

The condition that the CRA will request is that the debtor pay 25% of the total proven CRA debt to obtain their bankruptcy discharge. Even if the person is not a high-tax debtor, there may be other reasons why CRA will oppose the person’s discharge from bankruptcy. If the CRA file is replete with instances of failed promises, ignoring the CRA representative requests over some time and general “trouble-making” by the taxpayer, the CRA will oppose the discharge.

These are all considerations that a person must discuss with the licensed insolvency trustee up front to end up using a process that is most advantageous to the taxpayer in eliminating their CRA debt.

Rebuilding Your Finances After a Canadian Bankruptcy Discharge

Reestablishing your financial standing following a Canadian bankruptcy discharge may seem like a challenging endeavour. However, with strategic planning and commitment, it is feasible to recover from financial setbacks. The initial step involves developing a budget and adhering to it meticulously, guaranteeing that essential expenses are met while unnecessary spending is curtailed.

Next, it is important to start rebuilding credit in a few different ways:

  1. Obtain a secured credit card. Not the drug store variety, but the kind where you put down a cash security deposit and then you are given a credit card limit equal to your cash deposit. When you make your credit card payments, it gets reported to the credit bureaus. If you make your payments when due, over time, this will increase your credit score.
  2. Take out a small 1 year RRSP loan and pay it off on time. This will also improve your credit score on your credit report.
  3. The two Canadian credit bureaus, Equifax and TransUnion, are now beginning to track residential rent payments. If you are a renter and you make your rent payments on time, this too will increase your credit score.

It is also recommended to seek guidance from a financial advisor or credit counsellor to develop a solid financial plan. With patience and discipline, it is possible to rebuild your finances and secure a brighter financial future.

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bankruptcy and cra debt

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt FAQs

Here are the most frequently asked questions and the answers regarding bankruptcy and CRA debt:

  1. Is it possible to file for bankruptcy solely for CRA debt?

When initiating bankruptcy proceedings, it is imperative to include all debts owed. Notably, CRA debt related to income taxes and Director liabilities is treated comparably to other unsecured debts within the scope of bankruptcy proceedings.

  1. What happens to my CRA debt in bankruptcy?

In bankruptcy, CRA debt is included as part of your unsecured debts (the exception being a proprietorship or partnership debt for unremitted HST or employee source deductions). Keep in mind that the CRA may oppose your discharge and the court may make a condition of you paying a portion of the CRA debt to obtain your discharge from bankruptcy.

  1. How does bankruptcy affect my tax refunds?

Tax refunds may be affected in bankruptcy. It’s important to consult with a professional to understand the specific impact on your tax refunds.

  1. Can I include tax debt in a consumer proposal?

Yes, tax debt can be included in a consumer proposal. A consumer proposal offers a structured repayment plan to creditors, including the CRA. It can be a more favourable option than bankruptcy for negotiating repayment terms with the CRA.

  1. What if my tax debt exceeds $200,000 and makes up over 75% of my unsecured debt?

Individuals with personal tax debt exceeding $200,000, constituting over 75% of their total unsecured debts, may not qualify for automatic discharge in bankruptcy proceedings. In such instances, a bankruptcy court hearing will be convened, and potential conditions for discharge may be mandated, such as contributing a specified amount to the bankruptcy estate.

Bankruptcy and CRA Debt Conclusion

I hope you have enjoyed this bankruptcy and CRA debt Brandon’s Blog. Hopefully, you have better insight now into the ways of dealing with CRA debt and what some viable options are.

Do you or your company have too much debt? Are you or your company in need of financial restructuring? The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur or the person who has too much personal debt.

You are worried because you are facing significant financial challenges. It is not your fault that you are in this situation. You have been only shown the old ways that do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team uses new modern ways to get you out of your debt troubles while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief freedom.

The stress placed upon you is huge. We understand your pain points. We look at your entire situation and devise a strategy that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. The way we take the load off of your shoulders and devise a plan, we know that we can help you.

We know that people facing financial problems need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” approach with the Ira Smith Team.

That is why we can develop a restructuring process as unique as the financial problems and pain you are facing. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you are serious in finding a solution, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. team today.

Call us now for a free consultation. We will get you or your company back on the road to healthy stress-free operations and recover from the pain points in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

An image of a woman holding her head in her hands with an image of a building with a Canadian flag behind her to represent a woman worrying about her bankruptcy and CRA debt.
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Categories
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BANKRUPTCY OR CONSUMER PROPOSAL?: A LAWYER AND ACCOUNTANT’S COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO MASTERING INSOLVENCY LAW

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bankruptcy or consumer proposal

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: Introduction

When your client has an amount of debt they cannot repay, they often consider measures such as bankruptcy or consumer proposal. To choose the most appropriate option for their unique situation, it’s important to have a good understanding of the details of each option. Let’s compare and contrast these options to help you help your client make the right choice that best fits their situation.

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: Importance of understanding the differences between the two options

When faced with financial challenges, understanding the difference between a consumer proposal and bankruptcy can be crucial in determining the best path forward for your financial well-being. Let’s delve into the key disparities. Learn about the differences between a consumer proposal and bankruptcy so that you can further help your clients start to make an informed decision on the best debt relief solution for them before they see a licensed insolvency trustee.

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bankruptcy or consumer proposal

Overview Explanation of Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal

Bankruptcy: A Solution for Unmanageable Debt

If your client is experiencing economic challenges, bankruptcy might be a sensible option to deal with their debt problems. It is a legal treatment focused on offering help to people, corporations, or entities facing economic hardship.

Bankruptcy allows debtors to get rid of certain unsecured financial obligations, such as credit card balances and unsecured lines of credit or loans. It offers debt relief and a fresh start, but undischarged bankrupts must comply with particular rules and procedures. These include potentially a meeting with creditors and for certain taking part in two credit counselling sessions.

Consulting a licensed insolvency trustee can aid in exploring options and making an informed decision when dealing with money problems, leading to a better financial future. Bankruptcy may be a sensible option, however, it’s vital to carefully consider all other restructuring options before filing bankruptcy. A licensed insolvency trustee can offer advice on the most appropriate strategy for your client’s particular scenario.

Consumer Proposal: A Negotiated Settlement

A consumer proposal is a much more flexible approach to debt repayment than bankruptcy is. In a consumer proposal, the licensed insolvency trustee acting as the Administrator, assists the debtor in their financial restructuring by negotiating with creditors to repay a portion of their debts over an extended period.

Although only a portion of the total debt is being repaid (as a rule of thumb, say 25%), once all payments are successfully made and the debtor attends the two mandatory financial counselling sessions, they receive their Certificate of Full Completion. Once that certificate is issued, their entire debt is discharged.

In a consumer proposal, unlike bankruptcy, the debtor does not hand over their non-exempt assets. Like in bankruptcy, the debts eligible for inclusion in a consumer proposal include credit card debt, unsecured personal loans, and tax debt. Proposals must be filed through a licensed insolvency trustee and are legally binding once accepted by the creditors.

Consumer Proposal Allows You to Keep More Assets

The important difference between a consumer proposal and bankruptcy is that although you need to account for the value of the equity in your assets, in a consumer proposal, you don’t lose them. This is a form of asset protection. A consumer proposal is a debt settlement financial restructuring where you negotiate with your creditors to repay a portion of your debt over some time not greater than 60 months. Upon successfully paying that portion in the promised time frame, all of your debts are erased. If you can do so without having to sell any of your assets, you get to keep them.

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: How Does a Consumer Proposal Work?

Finding a way out of debt feels overwhelming. A licensed insolvency trustee can help your client understand the options available. This education empowers your client to make the right choice. A consumer proposal is a legally binding structured legal agreement between your client and their creditors. The benefit to your client is to ultimately remove the burden of their debt and let them get back to a stress-free life and a bright financial future. The main points of a consumer proposal are:

Binding Agreement with Creditors

A consumer proposal is a formal agreement that lays out how you’ll pay back a portion of your unsecured debt through a formal agreement under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). Once you complete the proposal, your client will be free from all of their unsecured debts.

This agreement is a solution that works for both your client and their unsecured creditors. A licensed insolvency trustee, guides your client through the negotiation process, helping them come up with a plan to gradually pay off their unsecured debts over time. You qualify for a consumer proposal as long as your unsecured debt is $250,000 or less (not including any mortgage against your principal residence).

Administered by Licensed Insolvency Trustee

Only a licensed insolvency trustee can oversee the entire process. These professionals are the only ones with the professional accreditation to perform insolvency assignments in Canada. They are licenced, authorized and supervised by the federal government Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB) to handle insolvency matters. I guide your client through the process, ensuring compliance with all legal requirements. I also provide expert advice to you and your client.

Protection from Debt Collectors and Wage Garnishments

Like bankruptcy, a consumer proposal gives your client a stay of proceedings against constant harassment by debt collectors including wage garnishments. This is real legal protection against creditors. Once the proposal is filed, debt collectors must by law stop their collection calls and legal actions. This provides your client with a break from the unending pressure associated with collection efforts. This gives your client the breathing room to regain control of their income and expenses.

A consumer proposal allows for a path toward financial recovery giving your client a sense of security and relief from the stress of their debt. This empowers your clients to confront their financial challenges using a real plan of action to eliminate their unsecured debt over time.

an image of a man and woman with a maze behind them and a question mark between them to signify their difficult decision of whether to file for a liquidation bankruptcy or to try to restructure their debts with a consumer proposal.
bankruptcy or consumer proposal

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: How Does Bankruptcy Work?

Bankruptcy is perceived by people to be the darkest of all dark clouds. People associate bankruptcy not only with financial difficulties and loss but also as a symbol of being a total failure in life. The reality is that bankruptcy is a legal process designed to help honest but unfortunate people relieve themselves of the crushing debt load that is suffocating them. It offers them the chance to get a fresh start.

  • Structured legal process to relieve debts: When drowning in debt, bankruptcy acts as a lifeline. It allows people to go through a process approved by the Canadian government to eliminate their debt and provide a path for a fresh start.
  • Licensed insolvency trustee controls the assets: During bankruptcy, the licensed insolvency trustee is appointed to administer the bankruptcy process. The Trustee manages and sells the non-exempt assets, investigates the financial affairs of the bankrupt, conducts the two mandatory financial counselling sessions with the undischarged bankrupt and makes sure that all necessary administrative steps are taken. This includes the undischarged bankrupt fulfilling all of their bankruptcy duties.
  • Discharged from debt in 9-21 months: The main outcome of bankruptcy is the bankrupt’s discharge from his or her debts. Depending on the specific circumstances as to whether or not the undischarged bankrupt is liable to make regular payments for surplus income to the Trustee, bankrupts typically expect to obtain their discharge within a period between 9 and 21 months.

Embracing bankruptcy as a tool for financial freedom, rather than a symbol of failure, helps the person get on with their life. It is a chance to redefine one’s life and learn valuable financial lessons.

By referring your client to a licensed insolvency trustee people can decide on a proposal vs bankruptcy much easier navigate the bankruptcy process and emerge better and stronger on the other side.

Bankruptcy: Different Payments, Bigger Credit Impact

On the flip side, bankruptcy payments are often based on your income and can vary accordingly. This means that your monthly bankruptcy payments may fluctuate depending on your financial situation, making it more unpredictable compared to the fixed payments of a consumer proposal.

While bankruptcy can offer you a fresh start by clearing your debts, it typically has a more significant impact on your credit score and can remain on your record for a longer period, affecting your financial status for an extended time.

Choosing the Right Path

Deciding between a consumer proposal and bankruptcy is a personal decision that should be made based on your circumstances. Seeking professional advice from a licensed insolvency trustee can assist you in navigating the complexities of each option and making an informed choice that aligns with your financial goals.

Remember, the aim is to select a debt relief solution from the various options available that best fits your needs and helps you on your journey to financial stability.

an image of a man and woman with a maze behind them and a question mark between them to signify their difficult decision of whether to file for a liquidation bankruptcy or to try to restructure their debts with a consumer proposal.
bankruptcy or consumer proposal

Bankruptcy: Different Payments, Impact on Credit

In bankruptcy, any monthly surplus income payments the undischarged bankrupt must make are calculated by a formula prescribed by the OSB based on the person’s income. The undischarged bankrupt must provide a monthly report of monthly income and expenses to the Trustee. As the monthly income varies, the surplus income monthly payments can change, either up or down.

While bankruptcy gives the person a fresh start, it has a worse impact on the person’s credit score and credit report since it remains on your record for a longer period.

Choosing the Best Path for You

Choosing between a bankruptcy or consumer proposal is a personal decision that should consider your circumstances and needs. Seeking advice from a licensed insolvency trustee helps the person choose between and navigate either option.

Remember, the aim is to select a debt relief solution that best fits your client’s needs among the various options available.

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: Debts Discharged and Not Discharged

When it comes to managing debts, it is important to know which debts can be cleared through an insolvency process and which ones cannot be discharged. Here is a listing of the different types of debts and whether they can be discharged:

Debts that cannot be discharged:

  • Fraud or Malfeasance: It is important to know that debts from fraudulent activities or court fines from being found guilty of wrongdoing cannot be cleared through either a bankruptcy or consumer proposal. This ensures accountability for any unlawful financial actions.
  • Child Support and Spousal Support: Another category of debts that can’t be discharged includes obligations for child support and spousal support. The Canadian insolvency system believes from a societal perspective, these kinds of responsibilities are legally binding and must be met, no matter what other debts the person may have.

Debts that may be discharged after a certain time:

  • Student loan debt has specific regulations for discharge: After completing your education, there may be possibilities for discharging this debt. Student loan debt can only be discharged if you go bankrupt 7 years after the last time you were either a full-time or part-time student.
  • Debts that are discharged upon the discharge of the bankrupt person: Most unsecured debts.

    an image of a man and woman with a maze behind them and a question mark between them to signify their difficult decision of whether to file for a liquidation bankruptcy or to try to restructure their debts with a consumer proposal.
    bankruptcy or consumer proposal

Impact on Your Credit Score: Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal

When it comes to your credit score, it’s important to understand how a bankruptcy or consumer proposal can affect it. Bankruptcy has a more negative impact on your credit score compared to a consumer proposal. A consumer proposal is generally less harmful to your credit rating.

Duration of Impact

Another key difference between the two options is how long they stay on your financial record. A consumer proposal is typically noted on your credit report for three years after completing it. A first-time bankruptcy remains on your credit history for six years after receiving your bankruptcy discharge. This difference is important to know. It does affect many choices people make among the various debt relief options.

Ultimately, the choice between a bankruptcy or consumer proposal depends on your client’s unique financial circumstances. It’s always a good idea to seek professional guidance from a licensed insolvency trustee when making this decision.

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: Social Stigma and Decision-Making

When it comes to making financial decisions, especially ones as impactful as considering bankruptcy, there are various factors to take into account. One significant aspect that often plays a role in decision-making is the social stigma associated with personal bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy is commonly viewed in a negative light in our society. People may perceive it as a sign of personal failure or irresponsibility. This stigma can make individuals hesitant to consider bankruptcy as a viable option, even when they are struggling with overwhelming debt.

However, it is essential to look beyond the social perceptions and focus on the practical aspects of the situation. Before choosing the path of bankruptcy, it is crucial to assess one’s ability to repay the debt. Understanding your financial capabilities and limitations is key to making an informed decision.

Mathematical analysis can be a helpful tool in this decision-making process. By conducting a thorough financial evaluation, including income, expenses, and debt obligations, individuals can gain a clear understanding of their financial standing. This analysis provides valuable insights into whether filing for bankruptcy is the most viable solution or if there are alternative options available.

Ultimately, the decision to pursue bankruptcy should not be solely influenced by social stigma. Instead, it should be based on a realistic assessment of one’s financial circumstances and the potential benefits and consequences of bankruptcy. By approaching the decision-making process with a rational and informed mindset, individuals can make choices that align with their financial well-being.

an image of a man and woman with a maze behind them and a question mark between them to signify their difficult decision of whether to file for a liquidation bankruptcy or to try to restructure their debts with a consumer proposal.
bankruptcy or consumer proposal

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: Getting Professional Help for Making the Right Decision

Exploring debt settlement or insolvency options creates tough choices that a person would rather not make. However, hiding their head in the sand and avoiding the reality of their financial situation ultimately is not a realistic option. One thing that bothers every person we speak to is who will find out about personal bankruptcy and how it will affect how others view the person.

As stated above, bankruptcy often carries a negative reputation in our society. May see it as a sign of personal failure. This stigma makes it tough for people to choose bankruptcy as a solution for dealing with overwhelming debt.

It is important to remember that your financial well-being, that of your family and your ability to get a fresh start is what matters most. Before you make any debt settlement decision, take a step backward and honestly consider your true financial situation. Understanding what you can realistically manage on your own without legal intervention is crucial in making the right choice.

Doing the math and looking at the realistic and true side of things will guide you in making an informed decision and doing the right thing that will be best for your financial future. A consumer proposal is the best bankruptcy alternative when a formal insolvency process is required.

Bankruptcy or Consumer Proposal: Conclusion

In summary, a licensed insolvency trustee plays a crucial role in assisting individuals and businesses facing insolvency. From conducting financial assessments to facilitating legal proceedings and providing ongoing support, LITs serve as trusted advisors and advocates, in conjunction with a person’s or corporation’s lawyer and accountant, for those navigating challenging financial terrain. By understanding the role and significance of an LIT, debtors can make informed decisions and embark on the path toward financial stability and recovery.

By assisting clients in navigating insolvency matters proficiently, lawyers and accountants can empower them to take proactive steps towards a brighter financial future. This includes providing insights on debt restructuring, bankruptcy options, and other relevant strategies that can improve financial sustainability and stability. Ultimately, the goal of leveraging a foundational understanding of Canadian insolvency laws is to facilitate positive outcomes for clients, equipping them with the knowledge and resources needed to overcome financial obstacles and achieve long-term success. This also allows them to remain your client!

I hope you enjoyed this bankruptcy or consumer proposal Brandon’s Blog. Individuals and business owners must take proactive measures to address financial difficulties, consumer debt and company debt and promptly seek assistance when necessary. It is crucial to recognize that financial stress is a prevalent concern and seeking help is a demonstration of fortitude, rather than vulnerability. Should you encounter challenges in managing your finances and find yourself burdened by stress, do not delay in pursuing aid.

Revenue and cash flow shortages are critical issues facing people, entrepreneurs and their companies and businesses with debt problems that are in financial distress. Are you now worried about just how you or your business are going to survive? Are you worried about what your fiduciary obligations are and not sure if the decisions you are about to make are the correct ones to avoid personal liability? Those concerns and more associated with your company debt are obviously on your mind.

The Ira Smith Team understands these overwhelming debt financial health concerns. More significantly, we know the requirements of the business owner or the individual who has way too much financial debt. You are trying to manage these difficult financial problems and you are understandably anxious. It is not your fault you can’t fix this problem on your own and it does not mean that you are a bad person. The pandemic has thrown everyone a curveball. We have not been trained to deal with this. You have only been taught the old ways. The old ways do not work anymore.

The Ira Smith Team uses innovative and cutting-edge methodologies, to adeptly navigate you through the intricacies of your financial challenges ensuring a resolution to your debt-related predicaments without resorting to the rigours of the bankruptcy process. We can get you debt relief now! We have helped many entrepreneurs and their insolvent companies who thought that consulting with a Trustee and receiver meant their company would go bankrupt.

On the contrary. We helped turn their companies around through financial restructuring. We look at your whole circumstance and design a strategy that is as distinct as you are. We take the load off of your shoulders as part of the debt settlement strategy we will draft just for you.

The Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. team understands that people facing money problems require a lifeline. That is why we can establish a restructuring procedure for you and end the discomfort you feel. Call us now for a no-cost consultation. We will listen to the unique issues facing you and provide you with practical and actionable ideas you can implement right away to end the pain points in your life, to begin your debt-free life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

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WHEN TO FILE BANKRUPTCY: OUR COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE ON WHEN IS THE RIGHT TIME TO FILE FOR BANKRUPTCY

when to file bankruptcy
when to file bankruptcy

When to file bankruptcy to get a fresh start

Definition of Bankruptcy

Are you feeling overwhelmed by unmanageable debt? Then bankruptcy might be the perfect solution
for you. Bankruptcy can be defined as a legal process that can help people and businesses get out of their financial binds.

Though the thought of filing for bankruptcy may be daunting, it can be the best option when you’re facing unexpected expenses or other emergency situations.

To make sure you’re making the right decision, it’s important to understand when to file bankruptcy and what you can expect. Bankruptcy allows a person to get back on top of their finances and start fresh. Weighing the pros and cons of filing for bankruptcy can be an alarming task, but it can ultimately be the best when your back is against the wall with debt. This Brandon’s Blog lets you find out when to file bankruptcy, what you should expect and what the bankruptcy alternatives are.

What is Bankruptcy and How Does it Work?

Bankruptcy in Canada is a liberating process for those who have found themselves under a burden of debt. The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA) provides debtors with a discharge from most debts, allowing them to have a fresh start in their financial lives. The process is designed to help those who cannot pay their bills as they come due, and have no way of paying back their debt load. By taking advantage of the bankruptcy discharge, individuals can find themselves free from the chains of debt and start anew. On the other hand, unlike a person, a company that files for bankruptcy will not survive in the long run, and thus, there is no discharge process for a company.

when to file bankruptcy
when to file bankruptcy

When to File Bankruptcy?

Don’t let debt take the life out of you! Bankruptcy law can give you the fresh start you need. Although not to be taken lightly, a bankruptcy filing can be an absolute lifesaver when the debt becomes too much to bear.

Filing for bankruptcy is no small decision and has the potential to drastically alter your financial future. It’s essential to be informed on when to file bankruptcy and the process involved to ensure that your credit and ability to access money in the future are not adversely affected.

Start the legal process off right by filing for bankruptcy with the help of a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee) (LIT or Trustee). The LIT will submit all the documents at once and get the ball rolling.

When an individual has too much consumer debt and files for bankruptcy, the LIT takes possession of their property and assets (subject to provincial government exemptions). The Trustee is the appointed authority in charge of liquidating the assets and depositing the proceeds into a trust account that will eventually be distributed among the creditors in the priority laid out in the BIA.

It is crucial to understand when to file bankruptcy and the process involved to make informed decisions about one’s financial future.

When to file bankruptcy: Identifying signs of financial distress

Here are 5 common signs of financial distress:

  1. Consistent inability to pay bills – Consistent inability to pay bills can be a difficult and stressful situation for individuals and companies. There are various options for managing late bill payments, however, missing bill payments can have negative financial impacts. It is important to be proactive in finding a solution, as missing bill payments may result in consequences such as eviction, cutting off of necessary supplies and financial penalties. Options for managing late bill payments vary, depending on the type of bill, such as rent or mortgages as opposed to suppliers of goods or services.
  2. Increased collection activity and legal threats – Balances in collections are the result of outstanding debts that have not been paid. The collection process and the behaviour of debt collection agencies and debt collectors are stressful. Provincial law dictates the rights of consumers when it comes to debt collection and debt collectors.The statute of limitations to collect a debt is also a matter of provincial jurisdiction. Debts are statute-barred after the period prescribed by the law for bringing legal action against the consumer to collect a debt. A debt is considered time-barred if the applicable statute of limitations has expired.
  3. Are you buried in debt and feeling overwhelmed? A hefty burden of financial obligations without a plan of attack can lead to a seemingly never-ending cycle of debt, with high-interest payments and a lack of hope. Alternatively, an overly ambitious plan can leave you feeling like freedom from debt is unattainable. The stress of debt can have a major toll on your mental health. It’s time to take control and devise a sensible debt repayment strategy to ultimately become debt-free and reduce the interest you pay.
  4. Tempted to use a credit card for all your needs? Be careful; it can be easy to go overboard and put yourself into financial hardship. When you use credit cards, you risk overspending, inflating your credit utilization ratio, and even opening yourself up to identity theft and credit card fraud. Don’t take the chance – think twice before swiping!
  5. Increasingly relying on personal loans from friends and family – The dangers of relying on loans from friends and family include broken promises or agreements. There may be confused assumptions about the loan, which can lead to misunderstandings.Additionally, not setting up clear and defined terms for repayment could lead to problematic personal relationships. A loan from friends and family could also provide tax problems depending on how it is set up and how interest payments, principal repayments and/or loan forgiveness are treated on tax returns, or not, as the case may be.

    when to file bankruptcy
    when to file bankruptcy

When to file bankruptcy: The process of filing for bankruptcy

The process of filing for bankruptcy in Canada is handled by a Trustee under the supervision of the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada (OSB) under the BIA. The time to complete the bankruptcy process for a 1st time bankrupt with no surplus income, where neither the Trustee nor any creditor opposes the individual bankrupt’s discharge is 9 months. If a first-time bankrupt gets a discharge at the 9-month point, then they have received an automatic discharge from the LIT. During bankruptcy, the creditors can no longer harass the bankrupt person or carry out legal proceedings or wage garnishments.

The LIT provides an information form for the person to complete, and uses that information to prepare and then file the bankruptcy paperwork. The LIT needs personal information (name, address, birth date), a list of creditors and a list of assets. The LIT then files the bankruptcy documents electronically with the OSB and then they will issue a Certificate confirming the acceptance of the bankruptcy filing. It is the day and time of the issuance of the OSB’s certificate that marks the beginning of the bankruptcy process.

When to file bankruptcy: What is the impact of filing for bankruptcy?

Once your bankruptcy is filed, there is an immediate stay of proceedings. This means that unsecured creditors cannot begin or continue lawsuits, wage garnishees, or even contact you to request payment. Within five days of the bankruptcy starting, the LIT will send a copy of the bankruptcy paperwork to creditors so they can file a claim.

Overview of the bankruptcy process

Can I keep my assets when I file for bankruptcy? In most cases, yes. However, the trustee may sell some assets to pay off your creditors. The assets you can keep will depend on your province’s exemptions. The Trustee’s job is to manage the sale of the bankrupt’s assets and place the proceeds into a trust, safeguarding them for the creditors. In other words, the Trustee is a guardian of funds, making sure everything is handled properly.

Are you worried that filing for bankruptcy will destroy your credit? Don’t fret – while bankruptcy will certainly leave its mark on your credit report, it’s far from a death sentence. Once your bankruptcy is approved, you can start taking steps toward restoring your financial health. A fresh start is waiting – be smart and make decisions that will get you back on the right track!

Wondering just how long you’ll be in bankruptcy? That all depends! If it’s your first-time bankruptcy filing with no surplus income, it should only last nine months. But if you’ve filed for bankruptcy more than once and don’t have surplus income, it will take 21 months. For those who have surplus income, this process will take longer.

2 financial counselling sessions. In a consumer restructuring or bankruptcy administration under the BIA, the debtor is required to go through two financial counselling sessions with the LIT. The reason is that one of the objectives of the BIA is financial rehabilitation. Financial education and teaching financial literacy tips are important parts of that rehabilitation.

Requirements for filing bankruptcy

To be eligible to file for bankruptcy in Canada, you must meet certain requirements. You must owe at least $1,000 in unsecured debt and be unable to pay your debts as they come due. You must also be insolvent, meaning you owe more than the value of the assets you own. Additionally, you must either reside, do business or have property in Canada. There are other acts of bankruptcy contained in the BIA, but the normal requirement is as I just described.

Role of Trustees in the bankruptcy process

The role of a LIT in Canada is to assist individuals or companies in the bankruptcy process as laid out by the BIA. They help to explain to the debtor the various options in dealing with their debt and provide advice on the best course of action. The Trustee also prepares the necessary paperwork, including reviewing the debt and completes the process from start to finish. One of the key responsibilities of the Trustee is to take possession of the property not exempt under provincial law, or subject to a trust or secured claim. The LIT then does this by selling the available assets and depositing the funds in trust for the creditors in the bankruptcy administration.

when to file bankruptcy
when to file bankruptcy

When to file bankruptcy: Alternatives to Bankruptcy

There are several alternative solutions that a LIT can recommend to a debtor in solving their debt problems. Bankruptcy is always the last resort and is to be avoided if at all possible. The main alternative solutions are:

Debt consolidation and debt management plans

In Canada, consolidation loans are available to assist individuals in reducing their high-cost debt payments. If you qualify for such a loan, it is an advantageous solution. These debts may include credit cards, payday loans, and unpaid tax obligations. By consolidating higher-interest-rate debts into one lower-interest-rate loan, it is possible to make affordable monthly payments and work toward eliminating debt.

If you’re in need of financial help, a Debt Management Plan (DMP) may be the answer. A DMP is an effective way to repay credit card debt, and with the help of a non-profit, no-cost credit counselling agency, you can get the support to make it work. The agency will assess your situation to ensure that a DMP is the best option for you. Put your debt worries to rest and take the first step towards a sound financial future with a DMP.

Both debt consolidation and debt management plans aim to help individuals in Canada manage their debt effectively.

Credit counselling and financial planning

Credit counselling and financial planning can help someone who has many debts. The services are provided by accredited credit counsellors working for non-profit credit counselling organizations. A credit counsellor will assess the financial situation of an individual and provide tips on dealing with debt. Financial planning and budgeting will be an important part of the process.

If the individual decides to sign up for a DMP, the counsellor will contact creditors on their behalf to request reducing or eliminating the interest rate or fees on their debts. In some cases, the creditors may agree to these requests.

Debt settlement, restructuring and negotiation with creditors

Debt restructuring, also known as debt negotiation, is the process of negotiating the terms and conditions of debt repayment with creditors. This process can be carried out by the consumer or company themselves seeking alternative repayment options. The goal is to reach a mutually agreed-upon arrangement that is more manageable for the consumer or company to repay their debt. It can involve the forgiveness of interest, stopping the interest clock and even the forgiveness of principal. If the company or consumer handles the discussions themselves, or with the help of their accountant, it is called an informal restructuring.

When a consumer or company restructures their debt with the help of a LIT under the BIA, they would file either a consumer proposal or a Division I proposal restructuring. A large company could also restructure under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act.

When to file bankruptcy: Conclusion

Personal bankruptcy or corporate bankruptcy, and when to file bankruptcy, is a big decision, but it can be the right one when you’re overwhelmed with debt. You can make an informed decision by understanding the basics of bankruptcy, including when to file and what to expect. If you’re struggling with debt and considering bankruptcy, it’s important to speak with a professional who can help you assess your options. Bankruptcy can be a fresh start for your financial future, but it’s important to understand the consequences and work with a professional to determine if it’s the right choice for you.

I hope you enjoyed this when to file bankruptcy Brandon’s Blog.

Revenue and cash flow shortages are critical issues facing entrepreneurs and their companies and businesses. Are you now worried about just how you or your business are going to survive? Those concerns are obviously on your mind. Coming out of the pandemic, we are now worried about its economic effects of inflation and a potential recession.

The Ira Smith Team understands these concerns. More significantly, we know the requirements of the business owner or the individual that has way too much financial debt. You are trying to manage these difficult financial problems and you are understandably anxious.

It is not your fault you can’t fix this problem on your own. The pandemic has thrown everyone a curveball. We have not been trained to deal with this. You have only been taught the old ways. The old ways do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team makes use of new contemporary ways to get you out of your debt problems while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief now.

We have helped many entrepreneurs and their insolvent companies who thought that consulting with a trustee and receiver meant their company would go bankrupt. On the contrary. We helped turn their companies around through financial restructuring.

We look at your whole circumstance and design a strategy that is as distinct as you are. We take the load off of your shoulders as part of the debt settlement strategy we will draft just for you.

We understand that people facing money problems require a lifeline. That is why we can establish a restructuring procedure for you and end the discomfort you feel.

Call us now for a no-cost consultation. We will listen to the unique issues facing you and provide you with practical and actionable ideas you can implement right away to end the pain points in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

when to file bankruptcy
when to file bankruptcy
Categories
Brandon Blog Post

PROS AND CONS OF BANKRUPTCIES CANADA: A HEALTHY FRESH START OR THE LAST RESORT?

pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
pros and cons of bankruptcies canada

Evaluating the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada: Introduction

When you are in debt, it can feel like you are stuck in quicksand – the more you struggle, the deeper you sink. If you are considering bankruptcy, you are not alone. According to the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB), almost 100,000 Canadians filed either a consumer proposal or for bankruptcy in 2021. The numbers for 2022 are rising above the 2021 level.

Before you make a decision, it is crucial to weigh the pros and cons of filing for bankruptcy in Canada. On the positive side, bankruptcy can give you a fresh start. It can discharge your debts and give you a chance to rebuild your finances. On the negative side, bankruptcy can damage your credit score more than one of the bankruptcy alternatives.

If you are struggling with debt, there are other options to consider before bankruptcy. You may be able to negotiate with your creditors and set up a payment plan. You can also improve your financial situation by cutting expenses and increasing your income. If you decide that you do need an insolvency process, a consumer proposal or a Division I Proposal may be better for you.

In this Brandon’s Blog post, I wish to aid you in gaining a better understanding of the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada. Then you can make a much more educated choice about your financial debt issues.

What are the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada?

When it comes to making the decision to file for bankruptcy, it is important to understand all of the implications that this will have on your life. In Canada, bankruptcy is a legal process that allows individuals to discharge all of their debts if they are unable to repay them. This process is overseen by the OSB, and there are certain requirements that must be met in order to be eligible for bankruptcy.

While bankruptcy can provide relief from debt, it is not without its drawbacks. Once you have been declared bankrupt, your credit rating will be significantly damaged, which can make it difficult to obtain new lines of credit in the future. Additionally, your assets may be seized in order to repay your creditors.

Before making the decision to file for bankruptcy, it is important to weigh the pros and cons carefully. Speak with a financial professional to get advice that is specific to your situation. Now for a more detailed discussion on the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada.

pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
pros and cons of bankruptcies canada

The pros of bankruptcies Canada

A fresh start

If you’re sick of being in debt, bankruptcy might be a good option for you. It can be a fresh start, and it’ll get creditors off your back. You can move on with your life without all that stress.

Rebuild your credit

As stated above, bankruptcy will cause some damage to your credit. However, it can stop the continuous damage you may be facing now. You can begin rebuilding your credit rating, rather than having to face extra charges from missed payments as well as receiving those pesky telephone calls from bill collectors.

Get rid of most if not all of your debts

In most cases, all of your obligations will be cleared by your bankruptcy discharge. Normally cleared debts are your unsecured debts like credit card debt, lines of credit, personal loans, payday loans, and income tax debts. A bankruptcy filing will let you not worry about a ton of bills but will force you to focus on balancing your budget.

There are some obligations that bankruptcy cannot clear, like child or spousal support payments, or payments for fines or penalties awarded by a court. You can get your student loans discharged too as long as you’ve been out of school for 7 years or even more.

Stop debt collectors cold

Creditors and their debt collectors making their collection calls can be pretty aggressive when they’re trying to get paid. Bill collectors demand and try to scare you as to what will happen if you do not pay up. Answering your phone or checking your VM becomes terrifying. You might also have a ton of mail from them stacking up in your mailbox, inbox, and so on.

If you’re losing the battle of staying up to date with your bill payments, personal bankruptcy might be a good option for you. Declaring bankruptcy stops all collection efforts, including calls as well as letters from your creditors. This is called the “automatic stay of proceedings”. When you’ve filed an assignment in bankruptcy, the automatic stay goes on and offers you some breathing space.

Get rid of any wage garnishment

If you file for bankruptcy, you don’t need to worry about wage garnishment or legal action anymore. The stay of proceedings also prevents any further attempts at collection, including wage garnishment. Creditors and collectors also won’t be able to take you to court.

Bankruptcy is not forever

So, if you’re thinking about filing for the bankruptcy process, know that it usually takes about nine months to go through the process for a first-time bankrupt who does not have any surplus income payments to make to your Trustee. And, if the Licensed Insolvency Trustee handling your case finds that you have surplus income, you won’t be able to get a discharge for 21 months.

If this is your second bankruptcy, it will take longer. If you don’t have surplus income payments to make, it will take 24 months. If you do need to make surplus income payments, it will take 36 months.

These are the pros when considering the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada. Now for the cons!

pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
pros and cons of bankruptcies canada

The cons of bankruptcy

There are many cons of filing bankruptcy, including:

Your credit rating

If you file for bankruptcy, it’ll rank you as an R9 on your credit report, which is pretty bad news for your credit score. The damages to your credit rating will not last forever. Your very first personal bankruptcy will be noted on your credit record for 6 years after the day of your bankruptcy discharge. A second bankruptcy will certainly harm your credit score for a lot longer.

At the outset of your bankruptcy journey, you cannot see the light at the end of the tunnel. At least you now have a roadmap to restoring your credit and have a date when your credit will be cleared of any damage. You can start to rebuild your credit even before you are discharged from bankruptcy.

Your assets may be liquidated

This doesn’t mean that you’ll lose everything. Your personal belongings – like clothes, household items, work tools, and even a car under a certain value – usually can’t be taken away from you in bankruptcy. This means that the proceeds from the sale of your other non-exempt assets will be used to repay your creditors.

RRSP contributions in the past 12 months are not exempt

Your retirement savings are protected, but any contributions you made in the past 12 months to your RRSP are not exempt.

Surplus income and the cost of bankruptcy

If you’re making more money than the surplus income threshold, you’ll also have to make surplus income payments to your Licensed Insolvency Trustee. If you don’t have any assets and don’t have to pay the surplus income requirement, you or a relative will have to pay your Trustee’s fee.

Complete financial disclosure

You will need to make full financial disclosure to your Trustee. Your Licensed Insolvency Trustee will use that information to help you complete a Statement of Affairs. This disclosure details your financial position and will even potentially highlight certain financial transactions. Essentially your Trustee and the court will know everything about your finances and your creditors will get a peek too.

When you’re going through bankruptcy, you’ll need to hand over your tax docs and pay stubs to show how much you’re earning. This is how the Trustee decides if you’ve gone over the surplus income threshold.

A lasting record

Once you file for bankruptcy, the paperwork will become part of the public record in Canada. To start your bankruptcy, your Licensed Insolvency Trustee files your bankruptcy documents with the OSB. It then becomes part of the public record.

Most people who file for bankruptcy will only have their Trustee, the OSB, the court, their creditors and the two Canadian credit bureaus know about it.

pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
pros and cons of bankruptcies canada

Bankruptcy alternatives from pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada

Now that you understand the pros and cons of Canadian bankruptcies, you must just consider this option as a last choice. If you can solve your financial problems without experiencing the unfavourable elements of personal bankruptcy, that is the most effective way to go.

During your initial no-cost consultation, the Licensed Insolvency Trustee will help you should explore all the bankruptcy alternatives. I have written before in more detail about each of the bankruptcy alternatives listed below. I have included a link to each of those more detailed blogs. The main alternatives to bankruptcy are:

Debt consolidation

If you’re aiming to leave financial debt behind, debt consolidation could be a good alternative for you. By rolling all your financial obligations into one financing with a lower rate of interest, you will save money from the lower rate of interest on the new consolidation loan and leave your debt behind much faster.

Just make sure that you understand the current interest rates you are being charged, the total of your monthly payments that you currently may or may not be able to afford, the interest rate being offered to you on a debt consolidation loan, what your new monthly payment will be and make sure that you have a realistic budget of your monthly income and monthly expenses that shows that you can afford the new payments on a monthly basis.

Credit counselling

Credit counselling is a process whereby a person in debt meets with a credit counsellor to discuss their options for dealing with their debt. The credit counsellor will assess the person’s financial situation and provide advice on how to best deal with the debt. This may include negotiating with creditors to reduce interest rates or monthly payments and setting up a debt management plan.

As I have written many times before, you should only go to a community-based non-profit credit counselling agency that does not charge any fees. If the credit counsellor you choose wants to charge you fees, get out of there. It is not the best choice for you.

Debt settlement

Debt settlement is a process in which you can negotiate with your creditors to pay less than the full amount you owe. This can be a good option if you are not able to pay your debts in full and you are willing to negotiate with your creditors.

Debt settlement works well if you only have 1 or a few creditors. If you have many creditors, debt settlement is much more difficult in making sure that everyone remains on board with the negotiated settlement and that you will have enough money to pay the lower settled amounts you promised.

Many times with a multitude of creditors, either a consumer proposal or a Division I Proposal is the most effective way to bind everyone in a debt settlement process.

Like in credit counselling, I urge you to stay away from debt settlement companies that charge fees. What they do is charge you unnecessary fees, try to sell you products you don’t need and then when they cannot sell you any more products and their debt settlement techniques do not work, they then walk you to their favourite Licensed Insolvency Trustee for an insolvency process, which might just be a bankruptcy.

I would rather see you use your accountant or lawyer if you do not feel comfortable negotiating yourself. Those professionals will have your best interests at heart in return for their fee. They also won’t try to sell you more products.

Consumer proposals

When it comes to debt of $250,000 or less (other than for secured debts registered against your home), there are a number of options available to help you get back on track. One option is a consumer proposal.

A consumer proposal is a formal debt relief and debt-settlement option available in Canada. It is a legally binding agreement between you and your creditors. Under a consumer proposal, you agree to repay a portion of your debts, and your creditors agree to forgive the rest.

A consumer proposal can be an attractive option for many reasons. First, it can help you get out of debt without having to declare bankruptcy. Second, it can help you keep your assets, such as your home or car. Third, it can give you a fresh start by wiping away most, if not all, of your unsecured debts.

If you’re considering a consumer proposal, it is necessary to obtain assistance from a qualified expert. A Licensed Insolvency Trustee, who is also a consumer proposal administrator in Canada, can walk you through the process and answer your questions. This will allow you to see if it’s the right choice for you.

Division I Proposal

If you owe more than $250,000, a Division I Proposal is a great option to settle your debts. It’s not as streamlined as a consumer proposal, but it’s still a great way to get out of debt.

Other than these technical differences, it has the same aim as a consumer proposal: to provide a debt settlement option that will bind all unsecured creditors and get the person back onto their feet free of the stress and burden of their unmanageable debts.

Either a consumer proposal or a Division I Proposal are excellent debt relief options approved by the Canadian government. One of the other benefits of either of these two debt settlement options is that the person will also receive two mandatory financial counselling sessions. Getting this education will help put the person on the right track for the rest of their life.

Understanding the advantages of bankruptcy and also the disadvantages of bankruptcy for companies

When a company faces overwhelming debt, bankruptcy may seem like the only way out. However, there is only one advantage and one disadvantage to bankruptcy for a company.

One advantage of this situation is that the Trustee may be able to sell the assets to a purchaser who will then be able to use those assets to continue the former business of the company in a profitable way. This could potentially save some jobs, at least for the key employees of the old business.

The one disadvantage is that unlike a person, when a company goes bankrupt, the corporate legal entity is now dead.

Before the Directors of a company decide to bankrupt the company, they should determine if certain divisions or parts of the business can be saved and operate profitably if the unprofitable part(s) could be eliminated. If so, a financial restructuring can be done to turn this unprofitable company into a viable and profitable one and save some jobs in the process.

pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
pros and cons of bankruptcies canada

Pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada: Summary

I hope you enjoyed this Brandon’s Blog on the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada.

People are falling behind with stagnant wages or tiny wage increases while there is runaway inflation and they are falling deeper and deeper into debt. Revenue and cash flow shortages are critical issues facing entrepreneurs and their companies and businesses. Are you now worried about just how you or your business are going to survive? Those concerns are obviously on your mind. Coming out of the pandemic, we are now worried about its economic effects of inflation and a potential recession.

The Ira Smith Team understands these concerns. More significantly, we know the requirements of the business owner or the individual that has way too much financial debt. You are trying to manage these difficult financial problems and you are understandably anxious.

It is not your fault you can’t fix this problem on your own. The pandemic has thrown everyone a curveball. We have not been trained to deal with this. You have only been taught the old ways. The old ways do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team makes use of new contemporary ways to get you out of your debt problems while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief now, while explaining the pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada or any other of our recommendations.

We look at your whole circumstance and design a strategy that is as distinct as you are. We take the load off of your shoulders as part of the debt settlement strategy we will draft just for you. There are many pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada. Whatever process we recommend for you will, we will do so in order to minimize any cons you may experience.

We understand that people facing money problems require a lifeline. That is why we can establish a restructuring procedure for you and end the discomfort you feel.

Call us now for a no-cost consultation. We will listen to the unique issues facing you and provide you with practical and actionable ideas you can implement right away to end the pain points in your financial life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

 

 

pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
pros and cons of bankruptcies Canada pros and cons of bankruptcies canada
Categories
Brandon Blog Post

DISCHARGE FROM BANKRUPTCY CANADA: OUR DETAILED STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE

discharge from bankruptcy canada
discharge from bankruptcy canada

What are the implications of discharge from bankruptcy Canada?

If you are experiencing financial troubles and can’t pay your debts, you can file for bankruptcy in Canada. This legal process lets you off the hook for your debts and start fresh. Once you’re discharged from bankruptcy, you’re no longer responsible for those debts (other than for a few exceptions noted below). Filing for bankruptcy is stressful. We understand how difficult and stressful the bankruptcy process can be, so we hope that this will be a helpful resource for you.

Once the Trustee has completed their duties under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) with respect to the administration of your property and the bankruptcy estate, the next step in the bankruptcy process is they must apply for a discharge. This will occur after the Trustee has applied for your discharge from bankruptcy Canada, even if you did not get an absolute discharge.

This Brandon’s Blog is for people who have made a bankruptcy filing but have not yet been discharged. If your Licensed Insolvency Trustee has been discharged or is otherwise unable to help you with a second discharge application, this blog will provide you with the information you need to get through the process on your own.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: What are the implications if you are not discharged from bankruptcy?

If your previous application for discharge was unsuccessful, you remain an undischarged bankrupt and your Trustee is not obliged to make another application on your behalf. However, you should check with your Trustee first as they may or may not be prepared to do so.

We often receive calls from individuals who claim that their Trustee has been discharged, but they have not been. They express confusion as to why their Licensed Insolvency Trustee will not make an application for their discharge from bankruptcy. A quick search reveals that in these cases, the individual received a conditional discharge, but has not yet fulfilled all of their conditions to get a bankruptcy discharge. That is why their conditional discharge has not yet been converted into an absolute discharge.

If you filed an assignment in bankruptcy and are still an undischarged bankrupt, you may be able to apply for discharge from bankruptcy. An insolvency Trustee only needs to make one application on your behalf. Once the Trustee obtains their discharge, they do not need to make your application for discharge on your behalf again.

The Licensed Trustee cannot be discharged until all bankruptcy administration requirements have been met, including making the first discharge application on behalf of the bankrupt person.

discharge from bankruptcy canada
discharge from bankruptcy canada

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: How do you obtain a bankruptcy discharge in Canada?

Automatic discharge from bankruptcy is typically granted unless there are exceptional circumstances. If there is opposition to the automatic discharge, the discharge application must be brought before the court for a hearing.

If you did not complete all of your bankruptcy duties as the bankrupt person, such as providing income and expense statements, attending required financial counselling sessions, and/or paying surplus income, your Trustee had reasons to oppose your automatic discharge and scheduled a hearing with the court.

The Report of Trustee on Bankrupt’s Application for Discharge sets out the reasons for the insolvency Trustee’s opposition to a bankrupt’s application for discharge. This document is on file with the court.

If a bankrupt does not receive a discharge at the time of the court application, it is usually because they have not yet done what is required. The associate justice/registrar who heard the application at court may have therefore adjourned the application (i.e. stated it was to be heard at a later date, which may or may not have been set).

The court may have adjourned your discharge application or imposed conditions that must be met before you are entitled to a discharge. The disposition sheet from the hearing will state what the court decided in this regard.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: What are the steps to clear my bankruptcy?

It’s not unusual for people who didn’t do what they were supposed to at first to try and get back on track and do what’s required to get their discharge. You must comply with your duties during bankruptcy to the best of your ability and be prepared to explain to the court any deficiency in doing so.

For example, to get your discharge, you must be able to provide details and evidence of your income and expenses during bankruptcy. You probably recall that you were required to provide the Trustee with your monthly income and expense reports. If you’re unable to provide the court with those details, the court may want to review your income tax returns for that period. If you want the court to rescind or vary the conditions imposed, you must show that you complied with the conditions to the best of your ability.

There are many examples of trying your best to meet the conditions but maybe not perfectly. If the court orders you to pay a certain sum of money to the Trustee by a certain date, you can make the court-ordered additional payment but not by the specified date. If you were required to make surplus income monthly payments but didn’t make them all, that’s one reason there were conditions attached to your discharge. You can apply to the court to change the date and get your discharge.

Another one is that you didn’t finish all your required credit counselling sessions. You could finish them and then provide proof of completion to the court.

discharge from bankruptcy canada
discharge from bankruptcy canada

Completing your own application for discharge from bankruptcy Canada

Making your own application to be discharged from bankruptcy can be a bit daunting, but don’t worry—just follow a few simple steps and you’ll be all set. Here are some tips to help you get your application ready and submitted without the help of a bankruptcy trustee or a bankruptcy lawyer.

To begin, you’ll want to locate your bankruptcy file at the court office. Once you have your file, be sure to look through it thoroughly to find:

  • your bankruptcy court file number;
  • the Report of Trustee on the Bankrupt’s Application for Discharge under section 170 of the BIA;
  • any order issued by the bankruptcy court at the original discharge hearing; and
  • the court’s disposition sheet from any previous discharge hearing identifies what the court previously ordered or decided.

You will need copies of these documents. You can ask the court office to make copies for you. They will charge you a fee for photocopying. You should check the Report of the Trustee, the court’s disposition sheet, and any court order to see what you failed to do and what conditions the court has imposed. Also, it is not a bad idea to find out who attended your last application for discharge.

You should check the Report of the Trustee, the court’s disposition sheet, and any court order(s) in the file to see what you didn’t do and what conditions (if any) the court has imposed. Lastly, you need to schedule a date for your discharge hearing with the bankruptcy court.

You will be required to prepare the following documents and file them with the court:

  • a notice of hearing for a bankrupt person’s application for discharge;
  • your affidavit explaining why you believe you are entitled to the discharge order sought;
  • an affidavit of service; and
  • a draft of the order sought.

The Associate Justice/Registrar in Bankruptcy hearing your application for discharge may make any order he or she sees fit. If the order you are seeking is made, he or she may accept and sign it in court on the day you appear, which may save you a period of time later on.

Requisition – Notice of hearing for bankrupt’s discharge from bankruptcy Canada hearing for discharge

The first step in obtaining a discharge in bankruptcy is to file a Notice of Hearing for Bankrupt’s Application for Discharge with the court. That document would have first been filed by the Trustee when the Application for discharge is first scheduled. If you have a copy of it, it will be a good precedent for you to follow.

A requisition must be filed again by you in order to have the matter brought back before the court.

discharge from bankruptcy canada
discharge from bankruptcy canada

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada:The Affidavit

An affidavit is a formal, written statement that provides key information in your legal case. Any evidence you want the court to consider in your application must be submitted in an affidavit. Your affidavit should describe the events leading up to your bankruptcy, and your current financial situation.

You must swear or affirm your affidavit before a notary public or commissioner of oaths. Make sure that your affidavit only includes evidence that is relevant to your application for discharge.

The court is familiar with a standard form of affidavit for discharge applications. You should familiarize yourself with that normal format. You should also include:

  • additional information about why you did not seek a bankruptcy discharge earlier;
  • is this a 1st-time bankruptcy, 2nd-time bankruptcy or more;
  • why you have not been able to comply with the bankrupt’s duties or the requirements of an earlier court order; and
  • state the reasons you are wanting to be discharged now.

You will need to attach any relevant documents to your affidavit in support of your application, including a statement of your current income, expenses, assets, liabilities and any previous bankruptcy information.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada:Affidavit of Service

To serve documents, you must provide a written copy to the party to be served. You need to obtain a signature or other confirmation, such as an email, to confirm that the document was properly served. You will need to serve the filed Requisition and all filed Affidavits and documents on:

These parties may attend your hearing and make submissions.

In order to provide proper service within the required time period before your discharge hearing, you must familiarize yourself with the rules. You must also provide proof of service at the hearing, especially if no one else attends. This proof of service can be the signature of everyone served to show the date they were served.

An Affidavit of Service can also be filed with the court. This Affidavit of Service is separate from the Affidavit filed with the court regarding your reasons for entitlement to anabsolute bankruptcy discharge certificate.

discharge from bankruptcy canada
discharge from bankruptcy canada

At the discharge from bankruptcy Canada hearing

When you appear in court for your discharge hearing, you will be able to present your case to either an Associate Justice or Registrar in Bankruptcy. If your application is being opposed, the creditors opposing your discharge need to file a notice of opposition. In this case, the hearing will be in front of a bankruptcy Judge. This is the normal process followed:

  1. You explain why you believe you are entitled to the order you are seeking, for example, an absolute discharge from bankruptcy.
  2. Anyone opposing your application explains his or her position.
  3. The Judge or Registrar may ask questions relating to the affidavits and documents you have filed and make suggestions or give directions.

When presenting your position at the hearing, remember to:

  1. Clearly state what order you are seeking from the Registrar in Bankruptcy or Judge.
  2. Outline the facts supporting your application in a concise manner.
  3. Explain the law on the subject and how it applies to the facts of your case.

Your conduct before and during bankruptcy will be taken into consideration when making a decision on your application for discharge. The Trustee’s report will provide information on your conduct before and during bankruptcy, which will be taken into account. if you did not attend the required financial counselling
sessions, did not file required statements of income and expense, and/or did not make the required surplus income payments to the Trustee for the benefit of your creditors.

The court will consider the relevant factors and make the appropriate order, or it may adjourn the hearing for further information or conditions to be met. Some of the types of orders the court may make are:

  • An order of discharge that is absolute and therefore you are immediately discharged from bankruptcy.
  • A conditional discharge may be granted. Examples of conditions are:
    • if the debtor pays any unpaid surplus income,
    • the debtor pays the outstanding balance for any asset that was agreed to be paid for; or
    • if the debtor pays a sum of money to the Trustee toward their debt obligations, as decided by the court.
  • A discharge that has been suspended.
  • The court may refuse to issue a discharge order if it is not satisfied that you have made full and adequate disclosure, or if there are issues with your conduct.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: Order for discharge

The Judge or Registrar in Bankruptcy will grant a discharge order at the end of the hearing. The type of discharge will be one of the kinds indicated above. If you prepared a draft order and the Registrar in Bankruptcy or Judge finds it acceptable, they will sign it and you can then have it filed with the court. However, if your application was opposed, keep in mind that one of the opposing parties may choose to appeal the discharge order.

If you have not prepared your order before the hearing, you should do so after the hearing and submit the order in duplicate to the court. The court office will then send the order to the Registrar in Bankruptcy or Judge who heard your application for signing. Once you receive your copy of the signed order, your discharge will be official.

When you receive a copy of the signed order, you must provide a copy to the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy. They will in turn notify the credit bureaus and Canada Revenue Agency of your discharge.

When you have received your absolute discharge, you are no longer legally responsible for repaying debts that you incurred before your assignment in bankruptcy. You will get rid of debt with some exceptions set out in Section 178 of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. They are:

  • payment of child support or alimony;
  • student loans, if you have not been a full-time or part-time student for less than 7 years;
  • a fine or penalty imposed by the court; or
  • debt resulting from fraud.

    discharge from bankruptcy canada
    discharge from bankruptcy canada

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: Are you tired of being in debt?

Bankruptcy law and the bankruptcy process can be complex, so it may be worth retaining a bankruptcy lawyer to help you apply for your discharge. Ultimately, it is up to you, but hopefully, this guide to discharge from bankruptcy Canada will lay out the steps you need to take if you wish to apply for a discharge yourself.

I hope that you found this discharge from bankruptcy Canada Brandon’s Blog informative. If you’re sick and tired of carrying the burden of debt and ready to live a much better life, we can assist. We know exactly how it really feels to be in debt as well as feel like you’re never going to get ahead. We have actually helped lots of people and businesses that were in your position reach financial stability, so we understand it’s feasible for you to prosper in your objective of ending up being debt-free. Nevertheless, it will certainly require some work on your part. We’ll be right here to assist you with every action necessary.

The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur or the person who has too many personal unsecured debts, Credit card debt, income tax debt liability, unsecured loans or personal obligations from the running of your company or from being a business owner. These are all types of debt we can help you eliminate. We are aware of your financial difficulties and understand your concerns. Filing bankruptcy is the last option we explore only after we have exhausted all other options to avoid bankruptcy, such as financial restructuring through a debt repayment plan.

It is not your fault that you are in this situation. You have been only shown the old ways that do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team uses new modern ways to give you the best management advice to get you out of your outstanding debt troubles while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief freedom.

The stress placed upon you is huge. We understand your pain points. We are sympathetic to the financial difficulties you are experiencing and would like to help alleviate your concerns. We want to lighten your load by coming up with a debt settlement plan crafted just for you.

We realize that people and businesses in financial difficulty need practical advice and a workable solution in an easy-to-understand financial plan. The Ira Smith Team knows that not everyone has to file for bankruptcy in Canada. Most of our clients never do, as we are familiar with alternatives to bankruptcy. We assist many people in finding the relief they need.

Call or email us. We would be happy to give you a no-cost initial consultation. We can find you the perfect solution to tailor a new debt restructuring procedure specifically for you, based on your unique economic situation and needs. We provide a full range of services to people and companies. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you’re serious about finding a solution, let us know. We will get you back to living a happy life, whether or not there is an economic recession in Canada.

Call us now for a no-cost initial consultation. We are licensed professionals.

discharge from bankruptcy canada
discharge from bankruptcy canada
Categories
Brandon Blog Post

SUSPENSION OF DISCHARGE FROM BANKRUPTCY: OUR COMPLETE GUIDE ON BANKRUPTCY DISCHARGES

suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
suspension of discharge from bankruptcy

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: Bankruptcy discharge and what it means for the bankrupt

The implications of an absolute bankruptcy discharge on the debtor are significant. Once an absolute discharge is granted, the debtor is no longer liable for any unsecured debts that existed at the date of bankruptcy. The debtor is released from having to repay any debts that they incurred before filing for bankruptcy.

This means that the debtor no longer has to worry about repaying those debts and can move on with their life. This provides a fresh start for the debtor and helps them get back on their feet.

There are different types of bankruptcy discharges. The one every bankrupt person wants is an absolute discharge. However, sometimes there is a reason for either a creditor, the licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a trustee in bankruptcy) (Trustee), or both, to oppose a bankrupt person’s discharge. When this happens, there must be a court hearing to determine what form of discharge the bankrupt is entitled to.

The purpose of the discharge hearing is for the court to view the evidence put forward by those opposing an absolute discharge, the bankrupt who believes they are entitled to one and to review the Trustee’s report and gain further information about the conduct of the bankrupt person, both before and during bankruptcy, and to hear about the administration of the bankruptcy.

At the discharge hearing, the court is attempting to balance the right of a bankrupt person to receive a discharge and the rights of the creditors to be paid. The court will also be concerned that the administration of the bankruptcy is not only fair to all parties but is also seen to be fair. I recently came across a decision of the Court of King’s Bench of Alberta which exemplifies this finding of balance.

In this Brandon’s Blog post, I’m discussing what it means when a bankrupt person is discharged, as well as the process and different types of discharges. One type of discharge that a bankrupt person can be given is a suspension of discharge from bankruptcy taking place. I’m also highlighting this recent court decision that demonstrates the balance and fairness that the courts strive for.

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: When can a bankrupt person be discharged?

If you have filed for bankruptcy for the first time, you may qualify for an automatic discharge after a 9 month bankruptcy period. To qualify for this automatic discharge, you must have:

  • attended the two mandatory financial counselling sessions with the Trustee;
  • no requirement to pay surplus income, being a portion of their income is paid to the bankruptcy estate according to guidelines set by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB or Official Receiver); and
  • no opposition to his or her discharge.

The only party that can authorize an automatic discharge in bankruptcy is the Trustee.

If you have made an assignment in bankruptcy before and so this subsequent bankruptcy is your 2nd bankruptcy, you will need to wait at least 24 months before you can receive a discharge. If you have a surplus income payment requirement, your bankruptcy will be prolonged to 36 months.

If you have filed for bankruptcy twice before, you can expect the timeline for a third bankruptcy to be the same as your 2nd. However, the Trustee or creditors may be more resistant to your discharge this time. The court may extend the timeline if it deems necessary.

suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
suspension of discharge from bankruptcy

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: When is a discharge challenged?

The Trustee may oppose a bankrupt’s discharge by issuing a notice of opposition. This means that the bankrupt did not fulfill all of their duties when the time came for the Trustee to make a determination if the bankrupt is entitled to a discharge.

If one or more creditors oppose the debtor’s bankruptcy discharge, they may believe that additional information is needed to be evaluated by the court in order to determine what kind of discharge, if any, the debtor should receive.

The court will then decide what kind of bankruptcy discharge the bankrupt should receive.

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: What are the different types of discharge that can be granted in bankruptcy proceedings?

There are different kinds of discharge from bankruptcy process. They are:

  • Absolute discharge: you are entitled to an immediate discharge;
  • Conditional discharge: you can obtain a discharge after fulfilling one or more conditions;
  • Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy – a suspended discharge from bankruptcy means that the discharge will occur at a later date set by the court, and will be combined with either an absolute bankruptcy discharge or conditional bankruptcy discharge;
  • Refused discharge – the court can refuse the bankrupt’s discharge due to unsatisfactory fulfillment of duties and lack of response to the Trustee’s inquiries; or
  • “no order” – the Trustee has advised the court that, despite the passage of time, the bankrupt has not fulfilled all of his or her duties, has failed to respond to the Trustee’s requests, and the Trustee wishes to seek its discharge.

The bankrupt’s discharge in bankruptcy occurs when the bankrupt person has fulfilled the conditions set by the court and/or the suspension of discharge from bankruptcy period has ended.

The duration of bankruptcy depends on all of the above factors.

suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
suspension of discharge from bankruptcy

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: There are five types of debt that are not dischargeable in bankruptcy

What debts cannot be discharged through bankruptcy? There are 5 types of debts that cannot be discharged. They are:

  1. alimony or child support payments;
  2. penalties or fines set by the court;
  3. claims from fraud or fraudulent breach of trust;
  4. student loan debt if it is less than 7 years since you stopped being a full-time or part-time student; and
  5. Any debts that are properly secured by an asset are not released as a result of a bankruptcy discharge.

There are five types of debt that are not discharged in bankruptcy. The debtor will need to continue paying these financial obligations according to their terms. For all other unsecured debts, the discharge from bankruptcy will discharge all those debts.

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: The opposed bankruptcy discharge process case

The decision was released on September 29, 2022, in Wasylynuk (Re), 2022 ABKB 650 (CanLII), For me, this Court of King’s Bench of Alberta (it is still going to take me time to get used to the switch from “Queen” to “King”!) by the Registrar in Bankruptcy, epitomizes the balance the court strives to find in bankruptcy discharge situations.

This is an application for a bankrupt’s discharge which is opposed. The bankrupt, Ms. Wasylynuk, has completed all required duties. She is a first-time bankrupt with a surplus income requirement. The bankruptcy was driven by litigation costs when Ms. Wasylynuk unsuccessfully sued her surviving brothers and sisters for a share of her father’s estate.

The bankrupt filed a challenge to her father’s will and the disposition of his property in 2008. This led to 10 years of litigation for a share of the estate. All of the estate had been given to one of her brothers, who was tasked with caring for the father and, after his passing, dividing it as he saw fit. Ms. Wasylynuk rejected her brother’s offer of a share, wanting more.

Prior to her bankruptcy, Ms. Wasylynuk brought an application, presumably based on legal advice she received, to set aside her father’s will and an inter vivos gift made by her father that gave everything to one of her siblings. The will and the gift were both drawn up by lawyers with doctors’ certificates of competence and capacity. The will and the gift were upheld by the lower court. The lower court’s ruling was upheld on appeal. The Supreme Court of Canada refused to hear the case.

suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
suspension of discharge from bankruptcy

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: The opposition to bankruptcy discharge and the evidence

The bankrupt’s siblings are the opposing creditors. The opposing creditors dispute Ms. Wasylynuk’s characterization as an honest but unfortunate debtor. Their grounds for opposition are:

  • The value of the bankrupt’s assets does not equal fifty cents on the dollar of the bankrupt’s unsecured liabilities, and the bankrupt is responsible for the circumstances that caused this.
  • Ms. Wasylynuk has not been able to provide an explanation for the disappearance of assets, or for why there are not enough assets to cover debts.
  • She was eligible to make a proposal under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA) rather than bringing on this bankruptcy process but did not.

The evidence included the fact that, during the litigation, the bankrupt employed several different law firms and did not pay most of the legal fees she incurred. At the time of her bankruptcy, she owed in excess of $200,000 for unpaid legal fees. In her bankruptcy filing, she claimed $5,500 in assets, consisting of a motor vehicle, furniture, and personal effects, all of which were exempt.

Another bit of evidence was that Ms. Wasylynuk had likewise allowed a charge to be registered against the home in favour of her spouse to support his alleged loans to her of $277,000.00. Mr. Wasylynuk additionally declared an unsecured amount of $152,365.00 for loans to her. There were no documents to validate the amount. The Registrar noted that he was skeptical of these alleged loans as most of the bankrupt’s legal fees were unpaid.

On top of this, 13 months prior to her making her bankruptcy assignment, she transferred her half share of the matrimonial home to her husband. The bankruptcy Trustee did not have the funds to attack the transfer in the current bankruptcy administration.

Ms. Wasylynuk’s siblings’ litigation costs totalled approximately $750,000.00. The costs awarded from the first instance through the appeal will cover less than a third of those costs.

The Registrar calculated that, under Alberta law, the bankrupt’s non-exempt equity in the matrimonial home at the time of transfer to the spouse was approximately $118,000.00.

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: The balancing act of the Registrar’s decision

The Registrar took note of the above and made several findings. First was that Ms. Wasylynuk, 59, is a specialized nurse in a teaching position. She makes nearly $60 per hour. She continues to live in her fully encumbered matrimonial home with her husband, which is now out of reach of her creditors.

The Trustee explained that a proposal was ruled out because the litigation between Ms. Wasylynuk and her siblings that led to this bankruptcy was highly acrimonious. The Registrar found that it is unclear whether a proposal would have been doomed to failure because of ill will between the siblings, particularly since a proposal would have resulted in a better result for the creditors than her bankruptcy.

Ms. Wasylynuk has paid $51,000 into the estate over her 21-month bankruptcy. Her monthly surplus is $2,000. At that surplus rate, a 60-month proposal would have achieved $120,000 for her creditors or about the value of her non-exempt portion of the matrimonial home.

So to balance the scales, the Registrar gave Ms. Wasylynuk a conditional discharge. Ms. Wasylynuk’s discharge is conditioned upon her paying an additional $60,000.00 into the bankruptcy estate at the rate of a monthly payment of $2,000.00. By ordering these additional payments, once they are all made, the amount paid into the bankruptcy estate will be roughly equal to the minimum amount she would have paid if she chose to make a proposal over bankruptcy.

suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
suspension of discharge from bankruptcy

Suspension of discharge from bankruptcy: Ready to be debt-free?

I hope that you found this suspension of discharge from bankruptcy Brandon’s Blog informative. If you’re sick and tired of being in debt and ready to live a much better life, we can assist. We know exactly how it really feels to be in debt as well as feel like you’re never going to get ahead. We have actually helped lots of people and businesses that were in your position reach financial stability, so we understand it’s feasible for you to prosper in your objective of ending up being debt-free. Nevertheless, it will certainly require some work on your part. We’ll be right here to assist you with every action necessary.

The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur or the person who has too many personal unsecured debts, Credit card debt, income tax debt liability, unsecured loans or personal obligations from the running of your company or from being a business owner. These are all types of debt we can help you eliminate. We know that you are worried because you are facing significant financial challenges. Filing bankruptcy is the last option we explore only after we have exhausted all other options to avoid bankruptcy, such as financial restructuring through a debt repayment plan.

It is not your fault that you are in this situation. You have been only shown the old ways that do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team uses new modern ways to give you the best management advice to get you out of your debt troubles while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief freedom.

The stress placed upon you is huge. We understand your pain points. We look at your entire situation and devise a strategy that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. We know that we can help you the way we take the load off of your shoulders and devise a debt settlement plan.

We realize that people and businesses in financial difficulty need practical advice and a workable solution in an easy-to-understand financial plan. The Ira Smith Team knows that not everyone has to file for bankruptcy in Canada. Most of our clients never do, as we are familiar with alternatives to bankruptcy. We assist many people in finding the relief they need.

Call or email us. We would be happy to give you a no-cost initial consultation. We can find you the perfect solution to tailor a new debt restructuring procedure specifically for you, based on your unique economic situation and needs. We provide a full range of services to people and companies. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you’re serious about finding a solution, let us know. We will get you back to living a happy life, whether or not there is an economic recession in Canada.

Call us now for a no-cost initial consultation. We are licensed professionals.

suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
suspension of discharge from bankruptcy
Categories
Brandon Blog Post

INHERITANCE DURING BANKRUPTCY: OUR BEST ANSWER TO HOW IS AN INHERITANCE TREATED IN A BANKRUPTCY?

Inheritance during bankruptcy: Family situations

Your assets are considered yours in Canada. In other words, if during your bankruptcy you inherit money from a family member, the property belongs to the bankruptcy estate. Your property, including cash, will be distributed by your licensed insolvency trustee (“Trustee”) to your unsecured creditors.

Whenever an insolvent person comes to us for a free consultation, we always inquire whether or not the insolvent person is in line to inherit anything in the near future. Our recommendations will depend on the answer.

Many Canadians wonder whether the bankruptcy process will affect their inheritance. The Court of Appeal for Ontario recently reviewed a bankruptcy judge’s decision that bankruptcy would impact an estate in Richards (Re), 2022 ONCA 216 (CanLII).

This Brandon’s Blog examines this Court of Appeal decision about inheritance during bankruptcy. The case looks at would you lose your inheritance if you filed for bankruptcy, or can you use family situations to protect it from your creditors and eventually be able to get it back?

Inheritance during bankruptcy: Bankruptcy, winnings, gifts, inheritance property and the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act

Section 67 (1)(c) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (“BIA” ) sets out the bankruptcy law and the bankruptcy procedure regarding the property of the bankrupt as:

“all property wherever situated of the bankrupt at the date of the bankruptcy or that may be acquired by or devolve on the bankrupt before their discharge, including any refund owing to the bankrupt under the Income Tax Act in respect of the calendar year — or the fiscal year of the bankrupt if it is different from the calendar year — in which the bankrupt became a bankrupt…”

This includes any assets that you own as of the date you filed for bankruptcy, as well as any assets that you have acquired after filing for bankruptcy and before you get your bankruptcy discharge. Additionally, it includes assets that you were entitled to but hid or contracted out of.

There are two parts to that sentence that are simple, but the second part is more complicated. Gifts, lottery winnings, inheritance during bankruptcy, and any other unexpected financial gain are included in this category.

inheritance during bankruptcy
Inheritance during bankruptcy

Inheritance during bankruptcy: What happens if I receive property, assets or an inheritance while I am bankrupt?

Receiving an inheritance or gift of a property while in bankruptcy can be a mixed blessing. A gift or inheritance can relieve financial stress by allowing you to pay off debts that would otherwise require you to file for bankruptcy. Receiving assets, property, or inheritances during bankruptcy will be for the benefit of creditors and will also affect how your bankruptcy file is handled including your discharge, as well as whether you were really qualified for bankruptcy at all. Of course, timing is everything.

The reason is the section of the BIA I quoted above. Your windfall could have paid off all your creditors without making an assignment in bankruptcy if it was large enough. In the event that it happens during your period of bankruptcy and before you apply for discharge, but the windfall is not large enough to pay off all your debts, it will affect the type of discharge from bankruptcy you may be able to get, whether it is an automatic discharge or a conditional discharge.

If it occurs after you have made your bankruptcy filing and is large enough to pay off all your debts, then perhaps you can apply to annul the bankruptcy. So all of these factors have to be taken into consideration when you experience an inheritance during bankruptcy or if you otherwise have a windfall.

Inheritance during bankruptcy: Will I lose my Inheritance in a bankruptcy?

By now, you should know that you will lose whatever part of your inheritance during bankruptcy. It will be whatever portion is required to pay off your creditors in full (plus interest). But what happens to an inheritance during bankruptcy if you try to contract out of receiving your inheritance if you are an undischarged bankrupt? Can the Will or trust set up that provides you with the inheritance be used to stop you from losing it during your bankruptcy?

That is what the Court of Appeal for Ontario decision in Richards (Re), 2022 ONCA 216 (CanLII) is all about which I will now describe.

Michael Richards filed an appeal with the Court of Appeal for Ontario on March 11, 2022, challenging the bankruptcy judge’s order from June 3, 2021. The issue at stake concerned the interpretation of a trust of which Mr. Richards was a beneficiary (the “Trust”).

A judgment against him was owed to The Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”) for $987,613 plus costs and interest. Mr. Richards was struggling financially. RBC filed a Bankruptcy Application against him on September 16, 2019. The Bankruptcy Order was issued the same day.

A trust set up by his father in 2001 gives Mr. Richards the right to either the property at 61 St. Clair Avenue West or the proceeds of its sale (the “Property”). His parents were able to live in the house during their lives, with a life interest in the Property. In 2010, his father died. His mother remained in the Property and she died in July 2020. The date of death of the second parent is called the “Time of Division” in the Trust.

Before his mother died, the trustees of the Trust sold the property with the net proceeds from the sale, totalling $1,172,120.90, held in trust. Trust funds had to be distributed to Mr. Richards if he was alive at the time of division. Obviously, he was.

inheritance during bankruptcy
Inheritance during bankruptcy

Inheritance during bankruptcy: RBC and section 38 of the BIA

In October 2020, RBC obtained an order under s. 38 of the BIA (the “s. 38 order”). Section 38 allows one or more creditors to take an assignment of a claim or action that the Trustee may have if the Trustee is unable or unwilling to enforce that claim or action.

The s. 38 order gave RBC (in this case alone) an assignment of rights of the Trustee of the bankrupt estate to make a claim against the sale proceeds of the Property. The Trustee had not wanted to pursue the claim due to a lack of funding. RBC now stood in the shoes of the Trustee with respect to the sale proceeds of the Property.

RBC filed a motion to recoup the sale proceeds up to the amount owed to them (including the costs of the s. 38 action). They sought a declaration that Mr. Richards was the beneficiary of the Trust and had an interest in the Property under the terms of the Trust. RBC argued that the sale proceeds should go towards satisfying their outstanding debt because it was the property of the bankrupt.

Inheritance during bankruptcy: The undischarged bankrupt’s position

Mr. Richards responded that his interest in the Property was suspended while he is bankrupt, under the provisions of a different section of the document establishing the Trust. That very unusual provision reads as follows:

“Any right of a Beneficiary to receive any income or capital of the Trust Fund…. shall be enforceable only until such Beneficiary shall become bankrupt … whereupon… the Beneficiary’s Interest shall cease until the cause of the Beneficiary’s Interest becoming vested in or belonging to or being payable to a person other than such Beneficiary shall have ceased to exist … and then the Beneficiary’s Interest shall again be allocated to such Beneficiary as aforesaid unless and until a like or similar event shall happen whereupon the Beneficiary’s Interest of such Beneficiary shall again cease and so on from time to time.”

Mr. Richards submitted that his interest in the Property could not vest in his Trustee as he had no rights to the Property until such time as he was discharged from bankruptcy. He contended that, during his bankruptcy, any rights he had were suspended. It is only on his discharge from bankruptcy that the Property will vest in him and only then will he own it outright.

inheritance during bankruptcy
Inheritance during bankruptcy

Inheritance during bankruptcy: The trial judge’s decision

The bankruptcy judge overseeing the bankruptcy case trial held that the Property vested in Mr. Richards at the Time of Division. This meant that the Property was his and vested in his Trustee upon becoming bankrupt. Since the Trustee had transferred its rights in the action against the Property to RBC, the bank was legally entitled to receive the proceeds of sale up to the amount owed.

Inheritance during bankruptcy: The Court of Appeal for Ontario decision

The Court of Appeal for Ontario made a very clear and concise decision. It said that Mr. Richards had not shown any mistakes in the bankruptcy judge’s decision. The appellate court ruled that her interpretation of the Trust document was entitled to deference on review, stating that it agreed with her interpretation. The court found that her interpretation was consistent with the plain wording of the relevant section and also consistent with the stated purpose of the Trust.

This case demonstrates that actions that violate the public policy underpinning the BIA by individuals trying to shield their assets from creditors are not tolerated.

inheritance during bankruptcy
Inheritance during bankruptcy

Inheritance during bankruptcy: Could the inheritance have been shielded from the creditors?

In the beginning, I want to make it clear that I am not a lawyer and I do not give advice to insolvent people on how to protect their assets from their secured creditors, preferred creditors or unsecured ordinary creditors. Instead, given these specific facts, can I think of a way the Trust could have been structured differently?

When the Trust was prepared, obviously his parents were concerned about their son’s financial situation and legal proceedings against him. Rather than having the Property transferred to him at the Time of Division, the Trust should have kept the cash from the sale of the real property invested and paid Mr. Richards a monthly allowance for life.

That monthly allowance could not have been treated directly as his property. Rather, it would be considered part of his income, subject to the surplus income rule. Mr. Richards may have very well may have had to make surplus income payments to his Trustee as part of getting his bankruptcy discharge, but the bulk of the inheritance could have been shielded from his creditors.

Inheritance during bankruptcy: With the right Trust personal bankruptcies can be avoided

If the Trust was worded as I suggest, only providing Mr. Richards with a lifetime allowance but never able to have the asset itself transferred to his ownership, Mr. Richards could have avoided bankruptcy altogether. He could have filed a Proposal.

If his financial situation was such that he owed $250,000 or less, he could have filed a consumer proposal. If he owed more than $250,000, it would be a Division I BIA restructuring proposal. Either way, he would have avoided filing for bankruptcy or having a Bankruptcy Order made against him.

Although the RBC judgement against him was an ordinary unsecured claim, without their vote in favour of his proposal, it could not have succeeded. However, with the differing approach for the Trust that I suggested, it would not give RBC access to the entire amount of cash. They would have been facing the reality that they would not have been able to collect in full on their judgement for a very long time. There wouldn’t be a pot of money to attack.

This is how Mr. Richards’s parents could have made sure that the inheritance was protected for him and shielded from his creditors.

inheritance during bankruptcy
Inheritance during bankruptcy

Inheritance during bankruptcy: Summary

In conclusion, the BIA allows a bankrupt’s assets to distribute property to creditors based on a “just and equitable” standard.

I hope you found this inheritance during bankruptcy Brandon’s Blog. Are you on the edge of insolvency? Are bill collectors hounding you? Are you ducking all your phone calls to the point where your voicemail box is always full?

If so, you need to call me today. As a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a trustee in bankruptcy) we are the only professionals licensed, recognized as well as supervised by the federal government to give insolvency assistance. We are also the only authorized party in Canada to apply remedies under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). I can definitely help you to choose what is best for you to free you from your financial debt issues.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so we can get free you from the stress, anxiety, and discomfort that your cash issues have created. With the distinct roadmap, we establish simply for you, we will without delay return you right to a healthy and balanced problem-free life, Starting Over Starting Now.

Inheritance during bankruptcy
Inheritance during bankruptcy
Categories
Brandon Blog Post

WHAT DOES BANKRUPTCY DISCHARGED MEAN FOR 1 BANKRUPTCY TRUSTEE AND SOMEONE WHO IS SERIOUSLY BANKRUPT?

 

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic. Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

What does bankruptcy discharged mean: Restrictions placed on undischarged bankrupts

By enabling debtors to file an assignment in bankruptcy or consumer proposal, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA) provides relief to an honest but unfortunate debtor. Garnishment of wages (other than marital support) ceases, legal actions and collection calls cease, and the debtor receives some breathing space. If a bankrupt fails to fulfill his or her obligations, what happens? Can they receive a discharge from bankruptcy?

This Brandon Blog examines a recent case from Nova Scotia dealing with what does bankruptcy discharged mean for both a bankrupt person and for the licensed insolvency trustee. I also describe what does it mean for an undischarged bankrupt if the bankruptcy trustee gets its discharge when the bankrupt person does not have their bankruptcy discharge.

I will eventually get to the Court case, but there is first some background information that I will provide which sets the stage for a better understanding of the Court decision.

What does it mean to be an undischarged bankrupt?

In the event, you were unable to fulfill your obligations under your personal bankruptcy proceedings, your Trustee, and maybe a creditor or two would have opposed your discharge from bankruptcy. A bankrupt who has not been discharged poses many potential problems. Therefore, if you are an undischarged bankrupt, it is because you have failed to fulfill one or more of your obligations as a bankrupt.

what does bankruptcy discharged mean
what does bankruptcy discharged mean

What does bankruptcy discharged mean: Debts eliminated by bankruptcy discharge

A bankruptcy discharge means that you have completed your personal bankruptcy process and are no longer legally liable for any outstanding debt you included in the bankruptcy filing (with the exception of a few which I will describe soon). Upon receiving an absolute discharge from bankruptcy (we’ll get to that shortly), you are no longer responsible for any discharged debts.

The discharge in bankruptcy eliminates most of your debts, including unsecured debts such as credit card bills, medical bills, and payday loans. When you are discharged from bankruptcy, not the fact that you filed for bankruptcy, is what eliminates your debts. You need your discharge to get rid of your debts, which explains why it’s so important. That is what does bankruptcy discharged mean, really means.

What does bankruptcy discharged mean: Bankruptcy law can resolve tax debts

As well as the usual unsecured debts mentioned above, if you owe Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) money because you were not able to pay your whole personal income tax obligation when you filed your taxes, then a payment arrangement makes sense.

Collections officers from the CRA contact taxpayers regarding outstanding income tax debt arising from their tax filings and notices of assessment. They attempt to collect from delinquent taxpayers. When you say that you cannot pay the full amount at that time, they will offer you the option of a payment arrangement. The interviewer will ask you about your financial situation and may ask you to submit documents to support your income and expense claims.

They recommend a settlement plan after evaluating the information. Only if all attempts at collection have failed will legal action be taken. You must send the CRA postdated cheques to cover the agreed-upon monthly payment to participate in such a plan. Additional payments can be made if you have money to spare. The interest clock does not stop with a CRA payment plan. Be certain that all your cheques clear the bank as well. The entire payment plan can be cancelled if only one is returned NSF.

Should you enter into a payment plan? Yes. You should demonstrate to CRA that you want to work with them, and avoid tax debt collection activities that will disrupt your life. The most common enforcement activity involves freezing and taking money from your bank accounts, as well as garnishing your salary or wages if you’re employed. If you are a proprietor, they can notify your customers and claim your receivables. Furthermore, a federal judgment can be obtained without your knowledge to place a lien on your home.

You do not need to experience CRA’s more drastic collection methods. Be sure to pay your obligations on time. A tax garnishment, third-party assessment, or an asset lien is never pleasant. The consequences are severe and disruptive. In most cases, CRA only takes this step if you fail to comply with their efforts to enter into and maintain a CRA payment arrangement.

CRA tax debts can be discharged under bankruptcy law if no payment plan can be arranged. If bankruptcy is successfully discharged or a consumer proposal is fully completed, the income tax debt can be eliminated. We assume that CRA hasn’t already obtained a judgment against your interest in your home and registered it against it. Upon doing so, the CRA has successfully turned an unsecured debt into secured debt, and bankruptcy law no longer applies.

Several other things to keep in mind are:

  • A bankrupt who owes more than $200,000 in personal income taxes and whose personal income tax debt represents at least 75% of their total unsecured proven claims is considered a high-tax debtor. In this situation, you cannot be automatically discharged. It is unavoidable that the Trustee will object to your discharge and there will be a discharge hearing before the Bankruptcy Registrar in the Bankruptcy Courts. Additionally, the CRA will oppose your discharge and will make submissions at your hearing. I am certain you will receive a conditional discharge, at least with the condition that you pay a portion of your income tax debt to the Trustee for distribution among your creditors.
  • Unremitted employee source deductions owed by a proprietor or partner of an unincorporated business will not be helped by bankruptcy law. Generally, bankruptcy will eliminate HST obligations. For now, CRA ranks the debt as unsecured in a consumer proposal, but as CRA provides the accommodation, it is not a part of bankruptcy law. If the outstanding HST is extremely large, the CRA may argue that since you held the HST in trust for them, it still remains a claim even if you declare bankruptcy. Under Canadian bankruptcy law, they can do this, but I have not seen them do it yet.
  • Director liability for unremitted employee source deductions or HST is an unsecured claim against you for your personal liability as a Director. Bankruptcy and a properly worded Proposal will both eliminate that debt.

    what does bankruptcy discharged mean
    what does bankruptcy discharged mean

What does bankruptcy discharged mean: Debts never discharged in bankruptcy

In personal bankruptcy, there are certain types of debts that are not discharged. Section 178(1) of the BIA outlines the following debts that are nondischargeable debt:

  • Any type of fine, penalty, restitution order, or other order similar to a fine, penalty or restitution order, imposed by a court for an offence, or any kind of debt arising from a recognizance or bond;
  • Damages awarded by a court in a civil case for:
    • bodily injury intentionally caused, or sexual assault, or
    • wrongful death as a result of these acts;
  • the payment of spousal support or an alimentary pension;
  • any financial obligation or liability arising under a judgment establishing an association or regarding support, maintenance, or an agreement for maintenance and support of a spouse, former spouse, previous common-law partner, or child who is not living with the bankrupt;
  • a financial obligation or liability that results from fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation or defalcation in a fiduciary capacity or, in the Province of Quebec, while acting as a trustee or administrator;
  • apart from debts and responsibilities arising from equity claims, any debt or liability resulting from getting property or services by false pretenses or fraudulent misrepresentation;
  • unless a creditor had notification or understanding of the bankruptcy and didn’t take reasonable action to prove a claim, the liability for the dividend that a creditor would have received on any provable claim not disclosed to the trustee; or
  • student loans if the bankruptcy occurred before the bankrupt stopped being a full- or part-time student or within seven years of the date the bankrupt stopped being a full- or part-time student.

What does bankruptcy discharged mean: Absolute discharge vs. conditional discharge and so on and so forth

In order to obtain a discharge, a bankrupt person must have fulfilled all of their bankruptcy duties. These personal bankruptcy duties include:

  • providing all books, records or documents to the Trustee that identify the assets and liabilities of the debtor;
  • prepare and submit to the Trustee within 5 days after filing for personal bankruptcy, unless the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada extends the time, a sworn statement of affairs detailing the person’s assets and liabilities, and for each of the bankrupt’s creditors, their respective names, addresses and the amount owing;
  • disclose to the Trustee complete details of all dispositions of property within 1 year before the date of the bankruptcy;
  • make a disclosure to the Trustee of all the details of property disposed of by gift or settlement without adequate valuable consideration within a 5 year time period before the date of bankruptcy;
  • if a creditors’ meeting is called, attending it;
  • making any required surplus income payments to the Trustee;
  • participating in two mandatory financial counselling sessions; and
  • offering whatever assistance is requested by the Trustee.

If the bankrupt fulfill all of their duties, then the Trustee will not have a reason to oppose the discharge. If no creditor opposes, then the bankrupt is entitled to an absolute discharge. As already stated, the discharge is what eliminates unsecured debts.

In addition to an absolute discharge, there are other types of discharge under bankruptcy law available to a bankrupt person upon having a discharge hearing:

  • conditional discharge;
  • suspended discharge; and
  • refused discharge.

To read more on the different kinds of discharges available to be applied to a bankrupt person, and for what does bankruptcy discharged mean, take a look at my August 2021 Brandon Blog “A BANKRUPTCY DISCHARGED IS THE KEY TO HEARTWARMING DEBT ELIMINAT1ON“.

what does bankruptcy discharged mean
what does bankruptcy discharged mean

What does bankruptcy discharged mean: At long last, the Nova Scotia case

The Nova Scotia bankruptcy case deals with the discharge of the Trustee in a personal bankruptcy matter. Once the Trustee brings on the bankrupt’s application for discharge and a discharge Order is made by the Court, and the Trustee completes the rest of the administration of the bankruptcy estate, the Trustee is entitled to a discharge. If the bankrupt did not receive an absolute discharge and has not completed his or her duties, including complying with a conditional discharge order, eventually, the Trustee can still apply for its discharge. Upon the Trustee’s discharge two things occur:

The bankrupt goes into bankruptcy purgatory. No discharge occurs. The Trustee has fulfilled its obligation to present the bankrupt’s discharge request to the court and the court has issued an Order. Whenever the bankrupt wants to prove they have fulfilled all their obligations, obeyed the discharge order, and now deserve an absolute discharge, he or she will need to retain a bankruptcy lawyer and apply to the Bankruptcy Courts.

On the day the Trustee is discharged, the stay of proceedings that had protected the bankrupt from any enforcement action by creditors whose debts were owed at the date of bankruptcy no longer applies. As a result, creditors can now pursue the bankrupt person since the debts have not been eliminated and the stay of proceedings is no longer in place.

It is interesting to examine how far the Registrar in Bankruptcy directed the Trustee in this Nova Scotia bankruptcy case to ensure that all creditors understood that they still had the right to pursue the bankrupt.

The decision in Frost (Re), 2021 NSSC 296 can be boiled down to the following facts:

  • Mr. Frost went bankrupt.
  • He failed to fulfill his duties and moved to the UK permanently.
  • He didn’t inform the Trustee of his new address and telephone number.
  • His actions left his Trustee and other stakeholders to fend for themselves, explicitly telling the Trustee he wasn’t going to fulfill those duties and didn’t intend to do so.
  • A hearing was held for the bankrupt’s discharge and Mr. Frost was refused discharge.
  • The Court previously directed the Trustee to appear before it to be heard on the Trustee’s application for discharge.

The Court concluded that the Trustee completed the administration of the bankruptcy estate and gave the Trustee its discharge. However, the reason why the Registrar in Bankruptcy wanted the Trustee to attend such a hearing was so the Registrar could take things one step further. In the normal course, the Trustee sends out a notice to all those whose proof of claim was admitted of the results of the bankruptcy administration and of the Trustee’s discharge. However, the Registrar wanted to make sure that it was crystal clear to all creditors.

The Registrar wrote a cover letter for the Trustee and directed the Trustee to send it along with the normal statutory notice to creditors (or their debt collectors of record). Here is a copy of that letter:

what does bankruptcy discharged mean
what does bankruptcy discharged mean

What does bankruptcy discharged mean summary

I hope you found this what does bankruptcy discharged mean Brandon Blog post informative. Are you worried because you or your business are dealing with substantial debt challenges and you assume bankruptcy is your only option? If it is too much debt for any reason, call me. It is not your fault that you remain in this way. You have actually been only shown the old ways to try to deal with financial issues. These old ways do not work anymore.

The Ira Smith Team utilizes new modern-day ways to get you out of your debt difficulties while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you the relief you need and so deserve.

The tension put upon you is big. We know your discomfort factors. We will check out your entire situation and design a new approach that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. We will take the weight off of your shoulders and blow away the dark cloud hanging over you. We will design a debt settlement strategy for you. We know that we can help you now.

We understand that people and businesses facing financial issues need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” method with the Ira Smith Team. Not everyone has to file bankruptcy in Canada. The majority of our clients never do. We help many people and companies stay clear of bankruptcy.

That is why we can establish a new restructuring procedure for paying down debt that will be built just for you. It will be as one-of-a-kind as the economic issues and discomfort you are encountering. If any one of these seems familiar to you and you are serious about getting the solution you need, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. group today.

Call us now for a no-cost consultation.

We will get you or your business back up driving to healthy and balanced trouble-free operations and get rid of the discomfort factors in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic. Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

what does bankruptcy discharged mean
what does bankruptcy discharged mean
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