Tag: Consumer Proposal

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COLLECTION AGENCY ONTARIO: HOW DO COLLECTION AGENCIES WORK IN ONTARIO?

collection agency ontarioIf you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this collection agency Ontario Brandon’s Blog, please scroll to the bottom of this page and click on the podcast

Introduction

In many of the free consultations I provide, the issue of collection agency Ontario arises. More often than not, people and companies that are insolvent, experience harassing phone calls from debt collectors.

In fact, in certain corporate bankruptcy or receivership matters that I handle, there are certain situations where I hire a collection agency. They can be very effective in collecting amounts owing to the insolvent company.

The purpose of this collection agency Ontario Brandon’s Blog is to answer the top 4 questions that I am asked about collection agencies.

1 – How do collection agencies work in Ontario

In Ontario, debt collectors need to be signed up and should adhere to the guidelines outlined in the Collection and Debt Settlement Services Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. C.14 and its regulations.

The Ontario Ministry of Government and Consumer Services registers and controls these firms.

Ontario registered collection agencies must first send you a personal letter by mail or email. Their letter should include:

  • details on just how much you owe as well as the kind of product and services that put you in debt
  • the name of the business/individual you owe money to
  • the amount of the debt on the day it was initially due and payable and, if different, the level of debt presently owing
  • advice that a breakdown of the present amount owing will be offered upon demand
  • the name of the collection agency and also the individual collector that is requiring payment of the financial debt
  • that the debt collector is registered in and as a collection agency Ontario
  • the contact details of the debt collection agency, including the complete mailing address, phone number and, if applicable for communication, their email address
  • a disclosure statement, which discusses your legal rights and the steps you can take if you believe the debt collection company has broken the law

After the agency sends out the letter they need to wait six days prior to their next effort to get the payment of the financial debt.

Collection agencies work on a commission basis. They get to keep a percentage of the debts collected on behalf of their respective clients.

2 – Can a collection agency sue you in Ontario?

The short answer is yes.

A collection agency, once it gets approval from its client, the party that feels you owe them money, can sue you. If it is a large amount of money, they will definitely hire a lawyer to do it. If it is a smaller amount that can be handled by Small Claims Court, they might hire a lawyer, a paralegal, or just have one of the collectors do it him or herself in Court.

The rules of the Court will apply. The collection agency will issue a Statement of Claim against you. You will then have the time the Court allows to file your defence. The Court will look at all the evidence before it and render its judgment. If you are found liable for the debt, then the collection agency can attempt to enforce the judgment against you. They will try to garnishee your bank account and/or a portion of your wages.

Keep in mind that in Ontario, the Limitations Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 24, Sched. B has a fundamental restriction of 2 years. Anyone has specifically two years, starting from the day you first recognized or should have known, that a loss occurred, to file a claim and sue. The two year period would start running the day the person trying to collect a debt from you first contacted you about your being in default.

For example, a credit card company writes to you telling you that you are in default and asks that you pay up in full or else they will take further action against you. You don’t reply or pay, and they write to you again threatening legal action. Again you don’t respond or pay, and then you get a letter from a collection agency. The collection agency then sues you.

The collection agency is only the agent of the credit card company. The debt they are collecting is not their own, it is the debt of the credit card company. So, the first date the credit card company knew of a loss is not the first time you are contacted by the collection agency. It is the first time you are contacted by the credit card company. That is the day you start counting the two years from.

If the collection agency begins its lawsuit against you more than 2 years after the date the credit card company first advised you that you are in default, it is too late.

3 – How long can a collection agency collect on a debt in Ontario?

This is always a fascinating question for me. Even if the 2-year statute of limitations kicks in, all that means is that you cannot be sued any longer. It does not mean that you no longer owe the money. Most normal people, if they know they can’t be sued, will not pay. However, since the collection agency works on commission, it does not mean that they will necessarily stop calling you to ask for the money, even though they can no longer sue you.

You will always owe that debt. The Ontario Court of Appeal confirmed this in the case of Grant v. Equifax Canada Co., 2016 ONCA 500 (CanLII). In that case, the Court ruled that if you owe money, even if it is too late for you to be sued, it can still show up on your credit report in Ontario. The Court of Appeal went on to say just because a creditor misses the deadline or chooses not to sue within the two-year period it doesn’t mean that the debt still isn’t owed.

The only way in Ontario short of paying off the debt, or a lesser settlement amount, is to file either a consumer proposal or assignment in bankruptcy. Once you successfully complete your consumer proposal or get your discharge from bankruptcy, that debt and all other unsecured debts are wiped out. They are discharged. However, if the only debt you are not paying is the one the collection agency is trying to collect, an insolvency filing may be a very drastic and unnecessary step.

To find out for sure, you would have to consult with either a lawyer or a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee).

4 – How do I stop a collection agency?

The only real way to stop a collection agency in Ontario is to either pay off the debt in full or arrange for a debt settlement and pay it. The settlement can be an immediate payment for less than the total amount owed, or paying off some amount over time.

If you cannot make a settlement with them that you can afford to pay and live up to, then you the only other way is to do an insolvency filing. As I mentioned above, in the case of an individual person, that would be either a consumer proposal or filing for bankruptcy. In the case of a company, it would be either a restructuring proposal or bankruptcy.

Are you on the edge of insolvency? Are bill collectors hounding you? Are you ducking all your phone calls to the point where your voicemail box is always full?

If so, you need to call me today. As a licensed insolvency trustee we are the only professionals licensed, recognized as well as supervised by the federal government to give insolvency assistance. We are also the only authorized party in Canada to apply remedies under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). I can definitely help you to choose what is best for you to free you from your financial debt issues.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so we can get free you from the stress, anxiety, and discomfort that your cash issues have created. With the distinct roadmap, we establish simply for you, we will without delay return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life, Starting Over Starting Now.

Call the Ira Smith Group today.

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DEBT HELPERS: WHY CANADIANS DO NOT TRUST DEBT CONSULTANTS

Introduction

You may have read or heard about a recent survey. The headline was “Ipsos poll finds half of Canadians don’t trust professional help with debt”. The survey provided some interesting views but did not shed any light on why Canadians do not trust debt helpers.

I regularly speak with people who attend my office for a free initial consultation to try to solve their personal or company debt problems. From those experiences, I have compiled a list of the 10 most common reasons I believe why almost half of those surveyed do not trust debt professionals.

#1 What is a debt professional?

Confusion exists in the marketplace as to what you mean when you say the phrase “debt professional”. Depending on who is doing the talking, and the listening, you could mean:

  • A proper credit counselling agency
  • A for-profit debt settlement company
  • Debt counsellor who has no real qualifications and just acts as an agent for bad credit personal loan companies or worse charges fees just to then take the person to a specifically licensed insolvency trustee (formerly known as a bankruptcy trustee) (Trustee)
  • A Trustee

Unfortunately, the survey does not define what the term “debt professional” really means.

#2 I don’t have a debt problem because I am making all my payments

People believe that if they can keep up all their minimum payments, then they are making all of their payments. So if the person says they are making all payments, they can’t have a debt problem. Therefore, they don’t trust anyone who tells them that they do.

However, especially with credit cards, there is a difference between making all the monthly minimum payments and paying the entire debt off every month. What they don’t recognize is that all they are doing is paying the credit card company interest and never actually paying down any debt. Eventually, it will catch up with them when they have no more credit.

#3 You will ruin my credit score

People with debt problems always tell me that they have a great credit score and either a consumer proposal or bankruptcy will ruin that. So with the belief that if they see a debt professional, all that person will do is ruin their credit score, distrust is born.

Even people who have recently been turned down for debt consolidation loans tell me that. What I tell them is that it is true that an insolvency filing will remain on their credit report for some time after they successfully complete their consumer proposal or get their bankruptcy discharge.

However, I also point out that in return, they will have their debt problems fixed. By fixing their debt problems, they will no longer suffer from pain, stress, anxiety, depression and sleepless nights. Some people then choose to take responsibility, fix their debt problems and rehabilitate themselves. Others choose discomfort, stress and anxiety, and sleep deprivation.

#4 Talking won’t do any good. What I need is a loan

Many people feel that talk is cheap. What they really need is money. The gambler with a gambling addiction thinks the next roll of the dice or the next hand of cards will produce all the winnings they need. In the same way, the debt addict believes that one more personal loan will solve all their debt problems. All it will really do is give them a bit more cash, which will never be enough to repay all of their debt.

Increasing debt is not a good strategy for getting out of debt. That extra bit of cash may feel good in the short term, but eventually, all it really is is more debt. What these people don’t realize is that by talking to a Trustee, when they find the right one for them, a relationship begins. The functioning partnership you create with your Trustee is a connection. As you create that connection, long-term modifications in your financial behaviour start to happen to produce good long term results.

#5 It would be weird speaking about such a personal thing with a stranger

In my experience, this may be an initial feeling but does not in fact happen. The majority of Trustees are competent at making you really feel comfy rapidly. They are neither impersonal nor judgmental.

As I mentioned above, once you find the right Trustee for you, a relationship begins. I have found that many of the people that I have helped, consider me a resource to call upon, even long after our professional relationship ends.

#6 I would rather speak to a friend or family member

I have heard this many times. This is really an excuse for not dealing with their debt problems. It is not a reason why people don’t trust debt professionals.

In fact, a recent Angus Reid poll titled The Awkward Silences Survey 2019 found that 17% of the Canadians surveyed do not like to talk about finances. Of those, the least favourite topics they like to talk about are:

  • Personal debt or bankruptcy – 34%
  • Assets, liabilities and net worth – 22%
  • Their income – 16%
  • How they spend their money – 12%
  • Savings and investments – 11%
  • Their mortgage – 5%

I get it. The topic is not pleasant. Speaking with a debt professional is an admission that you have a problem with debt. However, it is also the first positive step to take to solve your debt problems.

#7 Debt professionals do not truly respect you; they do it for the cash

Yes, there are unscrupulous people in the world who advertise themselves to be debt consultants. They make outlandish promises such as they will eliminate your debt without bankruptcy. I cannot speak for them, but I do know myself and many of my Trustee colleagues across Canada.

The Trustee and staff do earn money from helping people with their debt. Just like you earn money from your job or career. However, there is a common bond amongst all Trustees in Canada. That common bond is that they all enjoy helping people. They enjoy seeing your success from their assistance. If they did not, they would be doing something else.

#8 Everyone will know if I go to see a debt professional

This is a common feeling. Again I can only speak about Trustees. Although there is not the same confidentiality with a Trustee as there is with a lawyer, a Trustee does not blab. As big a country as Canada is and as big a city where I practice is, the Trustee community is small. If a Trustee broke confidences, word would get around quickly and that Trustee would not get any referrals.

Keep in mind that the word “trust” is found in “Trustee”. People trust us with some of their deepest problems and we help solve them. I don’t talk to others about your issues.

It is true that the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy runs a database of all insolvency filings. This is a public database that anyone can search for $8. Also, the two Canadian credit reporting agencies, Equifax Canada and TransUnion Canada, purchase that information for their own databases. I have never had anyone tell me that their brother-in-law searched the government database and found out about their insolvency filing.

So at the end of the day, the only people who will know that you filed are yourself, your Trustee, your spouse and anyone that you have told.

#9 The professional fee is too expensive

That depends on who you go to see. If you go to a community credit counselling agency, it is probably no charge. If you go to a debt settlement company scammer, then every one cent is too expensive because they do not do anything useful for you. If you go to see a Trustee, the entire process may end up being free.

Let me explain. The initial consultation with any Trustee will be free. You should get that confirmed upfront when you make the appointment. Other than for situation where you have no assets and no income, a consumer proposal filing or a bankruptcy administration will probably end up not costing you any money specifically for professional fees. Here is why.

The Trustee will advise you what will happen to you and what your responsibilities are in a bankruptcy or consumer proposal. In a bankruptcy, other than for exempt assets, you have to turn over your assets to the Trustee. If you earn income, you may also have a surplus income obligation to pay. The Trustee, under the statute, will be entitled to a fee for services out of those proceeds. So, you will pay nothing for the Trustee’s approved fee.

In a consumer proposal, the Trustee has to first do the bankruptcy calculation. Under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-3) (BIA), a consumer proposal must produce a better result for your creditors than your bankruptcy. The Trustee will discuss with you his or her best estimate of how much you need to offer to your creditors in your consumer proposal in order to be successful. That calculation has nothing to do with the fee the Trustee is entitled to under the BIA. The statute says that the Trustee is entitled to a statutory fee from the consumer proposal fund.

So, in this way, the Trustee’s fee for a bankruptcy or consumer proposal administration costs you nothing.

#10 I don’t have time

I believe this also is more of an excuse, not a real reason for not trusting a debt professional. It is uncomfortable to face your debt problems head-on. It is more comfortable to ignore them.

A Trustee will provide a 1-hour consultation for free. In that hour, you will gain better insight to your debt issues and the realistic options available to you to fix them. I always have people tell me at the end of the free consultation, that I have helped them feel much better than they did when they first walked in.

So think of all the things that you do in a day or week, and I am sure that you can find 1 hour to help yourself. If you have a job that makes it impossible to see a Trustee during normal business hours, a Trustee will accommodate you. I have held many early morning or evening appointments.

Debt helpers summary

I hope this debt helpers Brandon’s Blog helps you. As previously stated, there is a good reason not to trust certain debt helpers. You don’t need to feel that way about seeing a Trustee. Are you on the verge of bankruptcy? Do not let any misconceptions about being able to trust a Trustee stop you from understanding how you can restructure your financial affairs and avoid bankruptcy. You do not need to be one more person or company declaring bankruptcy in Canada.

As a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee), we are the only specialists certified, accredited and overseen by the federal government to provide insolvency guidance and to apply remedies under the BIA. We will certainly help you to choose what is best for you to release you from your debt problems.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so we can get rid you for you the stress, anxiety, pain and discomfort that your money issues have created. With the distinct roadmap, we establish simply for you, we will without delay return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life, Starting Over Starting Now. Call the Ira Smith Team today.

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HELP WITH DEBT: WILL THIS NEW METHOD ACTUALLY WORK?

help with debt

Help with debt

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this help with debt Brandon’s Blog, please scroll down to the bottom and click on the podcast.

Help with debt introduction

Many people need help with debt; especially credit card debt. They are stuck lugging around this debt. They only make the minimum monthly payment while a high rate of interest cost continues to accumulate. The net result is they never really make a dent in paying down the balance owing.

Canadian household help with debt

In March 2019, Equifax Canada reported that Canadian consumer debt delinquent accounts are increasing. Equifax also reported that the average Canadian household consumer debt is an average of $23,000, not counting mortgages. Bank of Canada Governor Stephen Poloz previously said that the typical Canadian owes about $1.70 for each dollar of income she or he earns each year, after taxes.

This, of course, is not a new story for Canadians. I have been writing about Canadians’ love affair with taking on more debt for several years now.

The Province of Quebec is trying to make a difference for help with debt

On November 15, 2017, Quebec’s Bill number 134, “An Act mainly to modernize rules relating to consumer credit and to regulate debt settlement service contracts, high-cost credit contracts and loyalty programs”, came into force. On August 1, 2019, certain aspects of this legislation, aimed at trying to curb credit card debt in Quebec, come into force.

Now in Quebec, brand-new charge card accounts opened up need the minimum monthly payment to be increased to 5% of the balance owing on those brand-new credit cards. For cards issued before August 1, 2019, cardholders will continue being required to pay a minimum of 2% of the outstanding balance. They have until 2025 to begin paying the new minimum of 5%. However, the minimum payment limit each month will be increased by half a percentage point annually after August 1, 2020, up until it gets to the five percent level.

Consumer advocates feel that other provinces will be viewing carefully what Quebec is doing. The Quebec government obviously believed that debt issues are an essential problem in Quebec that needed to be addressed.

Will this help with debt work?

Canadians have actually gone away from being a country of savers to a nation of borrowers. Therefore, if an unanticipated financial emergency hits, on average, Canadians do not have the resources to deal with it.

Many Canadians strung out on credit card debt need credit card debt help. A simple credit card debt calculator shows how problematic unpaid credit card debt is. Take a charge card with a balance owing of $1,000 with an annual 19.9% rate of interest and a two percent minimum monthly payment. It will take 26 years to pay off the balance. As well, it will cost $3,000 in interest. All this with an original balance of $1,000!

If the minimum monthly payment increases to 5%, that same credit card balance of $1,000 will take six years to pay off with $442 of interest. So you can see what the Province of Quebec is trying to achieve for its citizens.

The arithmetic of course works. However, the issue is not one of arithmetic. Better arithmetic won’t save Canadians who go into debt they cannot repay. If their budget does not allow them to pay more than a minimum of 2% each month, where will the extra money come from? Wage growth is stagnant and family expenses rise each year.

The Quebec government feels that having its people experience short-term pain for long-term gain will work.

As noble and well-intentioned this Quebec Bill 134 is, it does not appear that it has thought through what the real consequences will be. Will it help Quebeckers reduce their household debt faster? How will people who can only afford to pay a minimum monthly amount of 2% find the money to pay the higher amount. For Quebeckers in debt, it deserves asking if this sort of the change in policy will really help the people? Or, will it speed up the rate at which people in Quebec will have to make an insolvency filing, be it a consumer proposal or bankruptcy?

Has Quebec tackled the real help with debt issue?

High credit card debt is plainly a difficult situation for many. Time will tell exactly how effective a technique it is to raise the minimum monthly payment to 5% on a charge card will be. What Quebec is doing is a step in the right direction but it may not be one of the best high household debt solutions. But I am disappointed that it was not coupled with the requirement for better financial education and financial literacy.

In my opinion, it would have been much more impressive for Quebec to have at the same time developed simple online financial education tools for its citizens in trying to combat the problem of too much debt. What is really needed is to teach people that paying only the minimum monthly balance increases the cost of paying off the balance. Ideally, people need to adjust their household budget to be able to pay the full balance off every month.

Help with debt: Financial education was never on any curriculum

For many Canadians, proper money management and budgeting had not been a large subject in their house growing up. They get to college or university and they obtain that bank card. They just start spending and perhaps they also have student financial debt. They graduate and may or may not get a well-paying job to start off their new career. Then life takes place and living costs increase. Perhaps now a home with a home mortgage, children, automobile loan repayments and all other living costs take hold. Due to stagnant wage growth, or worse, corporate downsizing, there is not enough income in the family to keep up with all these debts. Now all you can do is make minimum payments.

To avoid this mess in the first place, people need to be taught basic budgeting skills. People need to understand that a household cannot spend more money than is earned, after income tax. This is the most basic concept for those in need of help with debt. The concept of having emergency savings funds is also necessary. People need to understand how fast credit card debt can grow and how hard it is to pay it off if the most you are able to pay is the minimum monthly payment.

Money management education and learning are so vital. People need to know that when they purchase things on a credit card, they do really need to have the money available to pay off that credit card at the end of the month. A credit card, unfortunately, is treated by many as an extra source of cash. In reality, it is a financial tool for convenience, but not an additional source of income.

Do you have too much debt?

Do you feel that you don’t have sufficient financial literacy? Do you believe that the lack of knowledge has led to you making financial mistakes? Have these mistakes caused you to now have too much debt? Is the pain and stress of too much debt now negatively affecting your health? Do you need help with debt?

If so, contact the Ira Smith Team today. We have decades and generations of helping people and companies in need of financial restructuring and counselling. As a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly known as a bankruptcy trustee), we are the only professionals licensed and supervised by the Federal government to provide debt settlement and financial restructuring services.

We offer free consultation to help you solve your problems. We understand your pain that debt causes. We can also end it right away from your life. This will allow you to begin a fresh start, Starting Over Starting Now. Call the Ira Smith Team today so that we can begin helping you and get you back into a healthy, stress-free life.

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BANKRUPTCY ACT CANADA: ARE YOU REALLY PREPARED FOR IT?

Introduction

No person wishes to go make a filing under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-3) (Bankruptcy Act Canada), however occasionally it is inevitable. You might think that people who file are just those that are careless with their finances. However, with most of the people I see, it is usually an event outside of their control that pushes them over the edge.

In personal bankruptcy, things such as illness, divorce, job loss, unanticipated catastrophes, identity theft and fraud are many times the causes of insolvency. Of course, lack of proper budgeting, overspending and inappropriate uses of credit are also involved. In corporate insolvency, the #1 cause always seems to track back to management.

Insolvency filings happen every year. In 2018, a total amount of 128,846 insolvency filings were made with the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB). This is 2.4% more from 2017. Consumer insolvency filings increased 2.5% (125,266 filings), while company filings dropped 0.8% to 3,580.

At the very same time, people choosing to avoid bankruptcy by filing a proposal continued increasing in 2018, bringing this number to a brand-new level. Proposals represented 52.6% of consumer filings in 2017. In 2018, they expanded by 6.6% to 56% of all personal filings.

Are you considering a Bankruptcy Act Canada filing, or at least speaking to a Licensed Insolvency Trustee (formerly called a trustee in bankruptcy) (Trustee)? In order to help you start your fact-finding, I want to tell you what will happen to your bank accounts, retirement accounts and your other important financial funds. Understanding what to anticipate can assist you to stay clear of some pricey blunders.

Bankruptcy or (consumer) proposal

Being insolvent is that you are not able to settle your financial debts. People with severe financial problems can make Bankruptcy Act Canada filing by filing either for bankruptcy, a consumer proposal or Division I proposal.

Proposals are official methods controlled by the Bankruptcy Act Canada for personal filings. Dealing with a Trustee you make a proposal to:

  • Pay your creditors a portion of what you owe them over a particular time period not going beyond 60 months
  • Extend the time you need to settle the debt
  • Or a mix of both

The Proposal is made via the Trustee, who uses the money in your proposal fund to pay the cost of administration and distribution to each of your creditors their pro-rata share. A consumer proposal needs to be finished within 5 years from the day of filing.

Proposal

People with severe financial problems can apply for bankruptcy. They can also try to avoid bankruptcy by using the Proposal provisions of the Bankruptcy Act Canada.

There are numerous advantages to avoiding bankruptcy. The main differences between proposals and bankruptcy are:

  • Unlike informal debt settlement, a Proposal produces a binding discussion forum where each of your unsecured creditors has to participate in for your debt restructuring.
  • You can keep your property, including your home, if you can afford to in your budget.
  • Lawsuits against you and enforcement proceedings, such as wage garnishments, cannot begin or continue.
  • In a successfully completed Proposal, you do not need to file for bankruptcy.

Keep in mind that financial institutions have “set-off” legal rights, implying that if you declare bankruptcy or file for bankruptcy when you’re behind in payments to them, they will take the funds in your accounts to try to cover all or some of what you owe them. This is notwithstanding that there is a stay of proceedings once a Bankruptcy Act Canada filing takes place and such an offset really should not take place.

So if you are thinking of filing either for bankruptcy or a proposal, I want you to be prepared for what might happen to your financial assets.

Your bank account

In a bankruptcy, the cash in your bank account is a property which must be paid over to the Trustee. Upon your filing, the Trustee will put all your banks on notice to provide the funds in any accounts maintained with them to the Trustee. As noted above, the bank may very well offset cash in your savings or chequing account against the money you may owe them, including credit card debt.

In a Proposal, you do not lose control of the money in your bank accounts. Rather, they are considered by the Trustee in formulating the type of Proposal you should offer your creditors. Remember, your Proposal must offer your creditors a better alternative than your bankruptcy would. However, even though there is a stay of proceedings invoked once you file your Proposal, it is not uncommon for a bank where you maintain an account and to whom you owe money, to take the money in your account and offset it against what you owe them.

So the moral of this story is that you are best to have bank accounts at financial institutions to whom you do not owe any money.

Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP), Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or Deferred Profit Sharing Plan (DPSP)

In a bankruptcy, your RRSP, RRIF or DPSP are excluded from seizure. However, the Trustee is entitled under the Bankruptcy Act Canada to receive the equivalent to any amounts contributed to these accounts in the 12 months preceding your filing date. In a Proposal, this 12-month amount must be included by the Trustee in the calculation of what amount your Proposal should offer your creditors.

Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security income (OAS)

Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) is the only one permitted to garnish your CPP earnings if you have an unpaid personal income tax. By filing either for bankruptcy or a Proposal, the stay of proceedings will be invoked and CRA will have to stop the garnishment of your CPP and you will get the CPP payments you are qualified for.

However, the earnings obtained from CPP and OAS will certainly be taken into account by the Trustee in determining if you have any surplus income payment obligation in bankruptcy. In a Proposal, that amount also has to be considered in developing your Proposal.

Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA), Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) and other non-registered account investments

In a bankruptcy, just like any other non-exempt property, the amount held in your TFSA and any other non-registered investment account must be paid to the Trustee. In a Proposal, these amounts need to be taken into account in determining what type of Proposal to make. It may very well be that these accounts are collapsed in order to help fund a Proposal.

Similarly, RESPs are not excluded in personal bankruptcy. In a Proposal, the amount must be considered as an asset in calculating how much must be offered in your Proposal to stand a chance for success.

The reason that an RESP is not excluded from seizure in bankruptcy is relatively straightforward. Your child does not acquire ownership or other entitlement to the RESP funds as parents can take possession of the funds prior to the child becoming a post-secondary school student. For that reason, it is the parents who have ownership of the funds.

Consequently, the Trustee of an insolvent mother or father that has an RESP can collapse it. If the parent in bankruptcy wants the RESP to not collapse, adequate arrangements need to be made with the Trustee for the equal amount of funds in the RESP at the filing date be paid to the Trustee for the bankruptcy estate and the bankrupt’s creditors.

Annuity revenue in bankruptcy

Annuities are agreements where you pay a company (normally an insurance company) a specific amount, in order to get regular monthly payments for a specific period of time or for the remainder of your life.

If an annuity contract is properly set up with an insurance company, it will be exempt from seizure in bankruptcy. However, the income stream it produces will be considered by the Trustee in determining whether the bankrupt person has a surplus income obligation.

Your RRIF can also be considered as an annuity as it provides a legislated stream of payments. The RRIF is exempt from seizure in a bankruptcy, other than for any contributions in the 12 months immediately prior to filing. Like an annuity, the entitlement to payments will be considered by the Trustee in doing the surplus income calculation.

In a Proposal, you don’t give up ownership of an annuity contract or RRIF, but the income must be considered in preparing a suitable Proposal.

Bankruptcy Act Canada summary

Do you have financial problems? Do you not have enough money to pay your bills in full when due?

As a Trustee, we are the only professionals licensed, authorized and supervised by the federal government to offer insolvency advice and to implement solutions under the Bankruptcy Act Canada. A consumer proposal is a federal government licensed debt settlement plan to eliminate your debt. We will help you to select what is best for you to free you from your debt issues.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so we can eliminate the anxiousness, tension, discomfort and pain from your life that your cash problems have caused. With the unique roadmap, we develop just for you, we will promptly return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

Call the Ira Smith Team today. We have generations and decades of experience helping people and companies looking for debt restructuring and a debt settlement plan to AVOID bankruptcy.

You can have a no-cost consultation so we can work with you to fix your money troubles. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will certainly allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

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CONSUMER PROPOSALS: HOW MANY ARE REJECTED?

Introduction

When people with high debt come to see me for their free consultation, many times I shock them. They are shocked when I tell them that bankruptcy might not be required. I then tell them about consumer proposals. I also explain why I think they would be able to successfully complete a consumer proposal (CP) and therefore avoid bankruptcy.

What are consumer proposals?

I have written on the topic many times. In summary, a consumer proposal is a streamlined process under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA). This process allows insolvent people to make a formal deal with their creditors. This government approved debt settlement plan is to repay only a portion of what you owe and you can take as long as 5 years of regular monthly payments to do so.

To qualify, the person must be insolvent and owe $250,000 or less to all creditors, other than for any debts secured by way of registration against your principal residence, such as a mortgage.

The person will then ask me how many we have done were rejected. They are trying to determine what the odds are for their deal to be accepted by their creditors. What I tell them is that I first do an assessment and tell them what amount of offer I think they need to make to gain the approval of their creditors. I also tell them that so far, anyone who has followed my advice has had their consumer proposal accepted by their creditors. Therefore, the number of those rejected by people who follow my advice is ZERO.

The benefits

There are benefits to submitting a successful debt settlement payment plan sanctioned under the BIA. The benefits include:

  • Unlike an informal debt arrangement, the CP develops a forum where each of your unsecured creditors has to participate in for your debt restructuring.
  • You maintain your assets and don’t have to give them up.
  • Lawsuits against you or your property and financial debts, or enforcement actions such as wage garnishments, cannot proceed.
  • You do not need to submit an assignment in bankruptcy

The process

Once prepared, the CP is submitted to the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada (OSB), the government department that controls Licensed Insolvency Trustees (formerly called bankruptcy trustees) (Trustee). The Trustee acts as the Administrator of the CP.

Once it is submitted, you will quit paying your unsecured creditors for past debts. The Trustee will send a notice of the filing along with a copy of the CP to all creditors affected by the CP. This includes anyone suing you or garnishing your earnings. Those activities against you will stop also.

Your creditors will have 45 days to accept or decline the debt settlement CP deal. If your unsecured creditors are disappointed with the proposal, they can vote against. In that case, the Trustee will discuss modifications with you that the Trustee believes the creditors might accept. That discussion will take place prior to the against vote counting. Usually, this means offering more money to them over the maximum 5 year period. The key is that you have to be able to afford to make those higher monthly payments. It will still be only a portion of the total you owe.

In order for consumer proposals to be accepted, a simple majority of your creditors by dollar value who has filed a proof of claim must approve it. If creditors who have filed a proof of claim choose not to vote, that is considered a vote in favour. You also may not even need to have a meeting of creditors. Unless creditors holding 25% in dollar value of the claims filed to request a meeting, or the OSB requests a meeting, there is no need to hold one. If a meeting is not requested, the proposal is deemed to be accepted by the creditors. This is all part of the streamlining.

Acceptance and performance

If your CP is accepted, the OSB (or any type of other interested parties) has 15 days to ask the Trustee to go to court to have the deal court approved. If no such demand is made, the debt plan is deemed to have actually been accepted by the court. More streamlining.

After acceptance and approval, the person is then accountable for making the regular monthly payments to the Trustee that was promised in the debt management plan. There will also be 2 counselling sessions for the person to attend with the Trustee to help them with their financial issues and behaviour.

If you miss 3 monthly payments, or you are greater than 3 months overdue since your last payment, the proposal will be considered annulled. This indicates to your creditors that they are now able to either resume or begin collection actions against you. Not a good thing.

Full performance

As I previously mentioned, the person must successfully complete the debt management settlement plan by making all the required payments and attending the 2 counselling sessions. When completed, the person is entitled to receive a Certificate of Full Performance. This means that you have successfully completed the CP and that all debts caught by it are discharged.

The Trustee will then finalize the administration of your debt settlement plan, get the necessary OSB approval and distribute the money to all the creditors who have filed a proof of claim. The Administrator also is entitled to the government approved fee.

Summary

Consumer proposals must provide your creditors with a better outcome than what they would get in your bankruptcy. I have never had a consumer proposal rejected for someone who took my advice and made all the payments required.

Are you in financial distress? Do you not have enough funds to pay your bills as they come due?

As a Trustee, we are the only professionals acknowledged, accredited and also managed by the federal government to provide insolvency advice and services. A consumer proposal is a federal government licensed debt settlement approach to eliminate your debt. We will certainly help you to pick what is best for you to clear your own debt issues.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so we can eliminate the stress, anxiety, discomfort and pain from your life that your cash problems have produced. With the distinct roadmap, we develop just for you, we will swiftly return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

We have years and generations of experience assisting people and companies looking for debt restructuring to PREVENT bankruptcy. You can have a no-cost analysis so we can help you to fix your financial troubles. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will certainly allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

consumer proposals

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Brandon Blog Post

CONSUMER PROPOSAL CALCULATOR REVIEW FOR YOU

consumer proposal calculator

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this consumer proposal calculator Brandon’s Blog, please scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on the podcast

Introduction

A consumer proposal calculator is important to figure out what sort of debt settlement plan should be offered to your creditors. But to have a truly successful one, you really need clear language. In Brandon’s Blog, I review a recent court case that explains why.

Shelly Gail Corriveau bankruptcy

I recently read the Reasons for Decision dated June 13, 2019 by Registrar in Bankruptcy L.A. Smart of Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta. This case is in the matter of the bankruptcy of Shelly Gail Corriveau. The case reference is Corriveau (Re), 2019 ABQB 438 (CanLII).

Ms. Corriveau filed an assignment in bankruptcy in April 2012. She had unsecured creditors of roughly $73,000. The reason for her insolvency was stated as offering monetary help to her child’s business. She was by all accounts a perfect example of an honest but unfortunate debtor. At the time of the bankruptcy, her only asset was her house.

In June 2012, Ms. Corriveau got a gift from her mom of $46,000. It featured instructions that $6,000 of those funds be utilized for children and certain other matters. She spent the $6,000 as instructed, with the balance of the $40,000 being paid to her licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a trustee in bankruptcy) (the Trustee) for the benefit of her creditors.

The home was sold in October 2012. From the sale, she received her provincial exemption of $40,000 with the balance of $3,916.21 being paid to her bankruptcy estate.

Ms. Corriveau files a consumer proposal

On May 12, 2013, Ms. Corriveau advised her Trustee she had received an inheritance of $15,000 from her Mother’s estate. On May 26, 2013, Ms. Corriveau submitted a consumer proposal. The Trustee served as the Administrator of the consumer proposal.

The proposal in paragraph 4 states:

“4. That the following payments be made to [Name omitted to not embarrass the guilty] Trustee in Bankruptcy, the administrator of the consumer proposal, for the benefit of the unsecured creditors:

Proposal payments to total $10,000.00. The of (sic) funds will be provided to the Administrator as follows – $300.00 filing fee to be paid at time of filing and then a lump sum payment of $9,700.00 due 60 days after the proposal is court approved (all payments to be made within the 60 months proposal period)

The debtor reserves the right to accelerate payments should funds become available.

*** NOTE *** – There will be a significant dividend paid from the bankruptcy administration.”

In accordance with the requirements of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-3) (BIA), the consumer proposal Canada read that the payments must be completed within 60 months.

The Trustee recommended acceptance of the proposal. In his report to creditors he stated:

“This proposal will provide the debtor with relief and allow the debtor’s affairs to be restructured in an orderly fashion. It will allow the debtor to annul her bankruptcy and provide for a greater return to the creditors when compared to the bankruptcy option.”

The consumer proposal was deemed accepted by the creditors and approved by the Court. Ms. Corriveau made all the required payments and received her Certificate of Full Performance on August 2, 2013.

Have you “Noted” the problem yet?

Under the BIA, a bankrupt is allowed to lodge a proposal with the Trustee; either a consumer proposal or a Division I Proposal. In either format, it is a debt settlement plan that the bankrupt is proposing for acceptance by the debtor’s creditors. By definition, if the proposal is fully carried out, then the person or company’s bankruptcy is annulled.

When bankruptcy is annulled, it is declared to have had no legal existence. It is as if it never happened. The annulment of the bankruptcy takes place upon the approval or deemed approved by the court of the consumer proposal. There will never be a distribution to the creditors from the bankruptcy administration. The Trustee, in this case, did not issue any funds from the bankruptcy, yet.

So the Note that the Trustee added, “There will be a significant dividend paid from the bankruptcy administration.” is problematic. Actually, it is more than problematic. It is just plain wrong.

Now the Trustee wishes to complete the bankruptcy administration. The Trustee submits its Statement of Receipts and Disbursements as required to the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB) for approval. This issue came before the Court because of the OSB’s unfavourable comment letter dated June 15, 2018.

The Court’s analysis

Section 66.4(2) of the BIA states:

“Where consumer debtor is bankrupt

(2) Where a consumer proposal is made by a consumer debtor who is a bankrupt,

(a) the consumer proposal must be approved by the inspectors, if any, before any further action is taken thereon;

(b) the consumer debtor must have obtained the assistance of a trustee who shall act as administrator of the proposal in the preparation and execution thereof;

(c) the time with respect to which the claims of creditors shall be determined is the time at which the consumer debtor became bankrupt; and

(d) the approval or deemed approval by the court of the consumer proposal operates to annul the bankruptcy and to revest in the consumer debtor, or in such other person as the court may approve, all the right, title and interest of the trustee in the property of the consumer debtor, unless the terms of the consumer proposal otherwise provide.”

There is a similar provision for Division I Proposals.

The Court looked at the:

  • Statute
  • wording of the consumer proposal
  • Trustee’s report to the creditors on the consumer proposal; and the
  • Trustee’s actions in administering the proposal.

The Court had to decide if the Note was a term of the proposal or not. The Registrar took all factors into consideration, including that the Trustee issued to Ms. Corriveau the certificate evidencing full completion of the proposal upon her payment of $10,000.

The Registrar decided that the Note was an unfortunate error and that the only intention was for the creditors to share in the distribution from the consumer proposal with a gross value of $10,000.

Now for the treatment of the funds collected by the Trustee under the bankruptcy that is now annulled. The Registrar further concluded that consumer proposals that purport to also include a distribution from the funds held in the bankruptcy administration, must include clear and precise language in the proposal. The Registrar said that the Trustee failed to do so.

Therefore, the Registrar concluded that subject to any entitlement to fees by the Trustee from the bankruptcy administration, the funds held in the annulled bankruptcy are Ms. Corriveau’s property and should be returned to her. Costs of the application will be dealt with at the taxation of the Trustee’s account. The Trustee was directed to arrange a suitable date for that taxation to proceed before that Registrar.

Consumer proposal calculator summary

A proposal must offer the creditors a better result than what they would get in a person or company’s bankruptcy. So although a consumer proposal calculator is important, I think clear language is more important.

Are you in financial distress? Do you not have sufficient funds to pay your commitments as they come due?

Call the Ira Smith Team today so we can remove the anxiety, stress, pain and discomfort from your life that your money troubles have created. With the distinctive roadmap, we establish simply for you, we will quickly return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

As a Trustee, we are the only experts recognized, licensed and supervised by the federal government to give insolvency recommendations and to carry out insolvency procedures. A consumer proposal is a federal government authorized debt negotiation strategy to do that. We will assist you to choose what is best for you to rid yourself of your debt problems.

Call the Ira Smith Team today. We have years as well as generations of experience helping people and companies searching for debt restructuring, a debt negotiation strategy, or a consumer proposal Ontario to AVOID bankruptcy. You can have a no-cost evaluation so we can aid you to repair your financial problems. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will let you return to a brand-new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

 

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Brandon Blog Post

CREDIT COUNSELING: EVEN FREE MAY NOT GET YOU TO TALK

Introduction

In my May 3, 2017, Brandon’s Blog, DEBT SETTLEMENT OR CONSUMER PROPOSAL CANADA: REPORT SAYS CONSUMERS HARMED, I told you about a Government of Canada research study. On April 28, 2017, the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB), released its study. It revealed the OSB’s concerns about credit counseling services in Canada who were doing more than just counselling, be they for-profit or non-profit.

The concerns

The concern was that the consumer was being harmed. The main areas of concern for the OSB were:

  1. Consumers paid more money than required if they had first seen a licensed insolvency trustee (previously called a bankruptcy trustee) (LIT or Trustee) rather than the debt settlement company.
  2. Dishonest debt relief firms chatted customers right into expensive car loans under the scare tactic that they would not qualify once they filed either a consumer proposal or for bankruptcy so now was the time to improve their credit score.
  3. The debt negotiation firms had no accreditation or experience to provide the sort of financial advice they were offering.
  4. Creditors obtained much less than they would have received if the insolvent person went first to see the LIT.
  5. Debtors had no idea of their obligations under the insolvency process they ended up filing for. They were not offered the chance to experience one of the most essential facets of the Canadian bankruptcy system, economic recovery.

Public consultation

On November 24, 2017, the OSB sought public consultation on amending the process by which a LIT must perform credit counselling as part of the administration of consumer proposal filings. Changes were implemented and given time to see how they would work in practice.

On June 17, 2019, the OSB announced that it was seeking public consultation on a new Directive for LITs on credit counselling. These changes are meant to streamline the administrative structure for insolvency credit counseling.

All the changes are to better control the Trustees who receive referrals from debt settlement companies that charge the debtors for services that they really do not require before handing them over to a LIT to administer a consumer proposal.

Why not just go see a Trustee first?

It makes the most sense when you realize you are in financial trouble to see a LIT. A Trustee is only professional licensed, recognized and supervised by the federal government to provide insolvency advice and to administer insolvency filings to eliminate debt problems. A restructuring proposal is a government and court approved debt settlement plan to do that. In a first consultation, a Trustee will listen to all the issues and then provide a debtor with all the available alternatives. The aim is to avoid bankruptcy. This first consultation is also free! No charge! Gratis!

So why don’t more people do so? I believe the answer is in a recent Angus Reid poll titled The Awkward Silences Survey 2019. The survey says one-in-five Canadians claimed they least like to talk about:

  1. Embarrassing health and wellness concerns – 20%
  2. Sex – 18%
  3. Finances – 17%
  4. Religious beliefs or politics 17%
  5. Small talk – 15%
  6. Family and relationships – 13%

The unwillingness to talk about humiliating health and wellness problems was more widespread amongst males (23%) than females (17%).

When asked which one money and finance subject people like discussing the very least, personal debt and bankruptcy led by a big margin with one-in-three stating it was off limits to discuss (34%). This number is significantly greater in Quebec (42%) and least in Ontario (28%).

The survey says Canadians said that in the money and finance area, the least favourite topics they like to talk about are:

  1. Personal debt or bankruptcy – 34%
  2. Assets, liabilities and net worth – 22%
  3. Their income – 16%
  4. How they spend their money – 12%
  5. Savings and investments – 11%
  6. Their mortgage – 5%

I don’t do government approved and free

I always knew that going to see a Trustee to talk about financial problems was not high on anyone’s list. This recent survey is the first time that I have seen it studied with anything other than anecdotal stories. This could explain why even though it makes the most sense, people avoid it for as long as they can. It also explains why people will search out companies that try to candy coat the topic and call it something nicer. Unfortunately, as the OSB studies have shown, consumers do so to their own detriment.

People would rather pay good money they can’t afford to be hoodwinked by an unscrupulous debt consultant until they realize they have no choice but to see a Trustee. At that point, most of their various options are no longer available and bankruptcy is more often than not inevitable.

Whether it is a business or a person, corporate or personal, it will help to talk about it to a Trustee. Sticking your head in the sand will not make things better. There are various options to look at depending on how early on you seek help.

Corporate financial problems

For corporate financial problems, the options may include:

Refinancing with a new lender who has not grown weary.

Sometimes relationships, including business relationships, just run their course and fatigue sets in. I was recently consulted by a company whose banker grew tired of their turnaround plan, that was working. By introducing this company and its senior management to a new lender, who saw the long term benefits of lending to a company that was successfully turning itself around, the company was able to refinance and continue their business.

Corporate restructuring.

Sometimes a more formal plan needs to be put into place using one of Canada’s two federal statutes: (i) Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) (CCAA); or (ii) the proposal provisions of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA). We have done many.

Receivership or bankruptcy proceedings to take assets from a sick company and get them into a healthy one to save jobs and the business.

Sometimes the corporate body is just too sick and weak and cannot continue. However, taking healthy assets and employees and transferring them to a new or different corporation can revitalize a business and save jobs. The old shareholders may or may not be associated with the new company. However, the highest value will be obtained for creditors, employees and all other stakeholders.

Personal financial problems

For personal financial problems, the options may include:

Credit counseling and budgeting.

Many people need help with items such as:

  • Budgeting
  • achieving financial goals
  • spending habits
  • responsible use of credit

Many times once this help is received, people can continue on themselves without any further problems.

Debt consolidation.

Debt consolidation is the process that permits you to roll your varied financial debts owing to many creditors into one single loan, leaving you with just one creditor. If you are starting to have troubles staying on top of your minimum month-to-month payments, and the amount of your debt is frustrating you, debt consolidation is a choice worth thinking about.

A consumer proposal and Division I Proposal.

A consumer proposal and a Division 1 proposal are options to filing bankruptcy. Although comparable in several aspects, there are some significant distinctions. Consumer proposals are offered to people whose financial debts aren’t more than $250,000, not including any debts registered against your personal house. Division 1 proposals are readily available to both companies and people whose financial obligations go beyond $250,000 (omitting mortgages registered on their primary home).

A consumer proposal is an official process under the BIA. Dealing with a Trustee you make a proposal to:

  • Pay your creditors a percentage of what you owe them over a specific amount of time
  • Extend the time you need to repay the debt
  • A mix of both

Repayments are made via the Trustee, who makes use of that money to distribute to each of your creditors. The agreed to a lesser amount of debt has to be repaid within 5 years.

Bankruptcy.

Sometimes when there are no other options, but the pain and stress of your debt load are just too much for you to handle, and you can’t see any other way, bankruptcy may be the only answer. The purpose of bankruptcy in Canada is to return the honest but unfortunate debtor back into society, so that they may be a productive member going forward.

Are you ready to talk about finances now and get some real credit counseling?

Don’t be like those people who took part in the Angus Reid survey. Take a positive step in the right direction to help your company and yourself.

Is your business in financial distress because you cannot collect your billings? Do you not have adequate funds to pay your creditors as their bills to you come due?

If so, call the Ira Smith Team today. We have decades and generations of experience assisting people looking for financial restructuring, a debt settlement plan and to AVOID bankruptcy.

A restructuring proposal is a government approved debt settlement plan to do that. We will help you decide on what is best for you between a restructuring proposal vs bankruptcy.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so you can eliminate the stress, anxiety, and pain from your life that your financial problems have caused. With the one-of-a-kind roadmap, we develop just for you, we will immediately return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

You can have a no-cost analysis so we can help you fix your troubles. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

credit counseling

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Brandon Blog Post

INSOLVENT MEANING RESTORED IN COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO

insolvent meaning

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Insolvent Brandon’s Blog, please scroll to the bottom and click on the podcast

Introduction

On November 28, 2018, I published my Brandon’s Blog titled “INSOLVENT DEFINITION: A NEW FOCUS FOR TORONTO BANKRUPTCY TRUSTEE”. I wrote about a then recent decision of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice in Bankruptcy and Insolvency in Kormos v. Fast, 2018 ONSC 6044 (CanLII). In that decision, the Judge gave a new twist on deciding whether or not Mr. and Mrs. Fast was insolvent.

If they were found to not be insolvent, their respective consumer proposal and bankruptcy filings would be annulled. In that event, Mr. and Mrs. Kormos would be able to continue enforcing their judgement against Mr. and Mrs. Fast. If unsuccessful in annulling the filings, then their only remedy would be to file a proof of claim in each insolvency proceeding. That would result in a payment far less than what might otherwise be available.

The lower court ruling

Mr. and Mrs. Kormos submitted evidence that the Fast’s assets had a value greater than their total liabilities. They submitted that therefore, Mr. and Mrs. Fast was not insolvent and should not have been able to file under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA).

The evidence submitted by Mr. and Mrs. Kormos was not challenged. However, the Judge seized upon the fact that the income and expense statement of each of Mr. and Mrs. Fast indicated that on a monthly basis, their income was much less than their expenses. The Judge, therefore, concluded that Mr. and Mrs. Fast was insolvent and their separate insolvency filings should not be annulled. Accordingly, he dismissed the application by Mr. and Mrs. Kormos.

The appeal

Mr. and Mrs. Kormos did not believe that this ruling was either fair or appropriate. Therefore, they appealed the Judge’s decision with respect to Mrs. Fast only to the Court of Appeal for Ontario. On May 23, 2019, the Court of Appeal for Ontario released its unanimous decision in Kormos v. Fast, 2019 ONCA 430.

The position of Mr. and Mrs. Kormos was that the Judge erred in dismissing their application by not annulling Mrs. Fast’s assignment in bankruptcy and not deciding that her filing was a misuse of the bankruptcy procedure. They further submitted that therefore, the Judge legitimized an unjustified technique to protect the equity in Mrs. Fast’s home.

The Court of Appeal agreed with Mr. and Mrs. Kormos. They stated that the lower court erred in failing to decide that Mrs. Fast was not an insolvent person. It is for that reason, it was not necessary for the Court of Appeal to decide if her filing was a misuse of the bankruptcy scheme and procedure.

The Court of Appeal Judges determined that on the day of her bankruptcy, Mrs. Fast was not an “insolvent person” as that term is specified under s. 2 of the BIA. Her assets substantially went beyond and were readily available to pay off all of her liabilities.

Apart from the unexplained regular monthly cash deficiency, there was no proof that she could not satisfy or had actually stopped paying her liabilities as they normally came due. Instead, the undisputed proof was that she could. The only single item submitted as proof of any kind of financial hardship was that Mrs. Fast had not paid the debt owed to Mr. and Mrs. Kormos under their judgement.

The Court’s power for bankruptcy annullment

Under s. 181(1) of the BIA, a court might annul a bankruptcy order if it feels that it ought not to have actually been made. An annulment will be approved where it is revealed either:

  1. the bankrupt was not an insolvent individual when he or she made the assignment in bankruptcy, or
  2. the bankrupt abused the procedure of the court or performed a fraud on his or her creditors.

What is an insolvent person?

Section 2 of the BIA specifies an “insolvent person” as:

“insolvent person means a person who is not bankrupt and who resides, carries on business or has property in Canada, whose liabilities to creditors provable as claims under this Act amount to one thousand dollars, and

(a) who is for any reason unable to meet his obligations as they generally become due,

(b) who has ceased paying his current obligations in the ordinary course of business as they generally become due, or

(c) the aggregate of whose property is not, at a fair valuation, sufficient, or, if disposed of at a fairly conducted sale under legal process, would not be sufficient to enable payment of all his obligations, due and accruing due;”

Mrs. Fast plainly did not meet any of the requirements to be considered insolvent. The lower court erred by ignoring Mrs. Fast’s capacity to satisfy her liabilities and her accessibility to considerable assets.

On the day of her bankruptcy, Mrs. Fast’s real value of her assets over her liabilities, including her share in the value of the real estate, was $417,581.24. The debt owing to Mr. and Mrs. Kormos under their judgement was $25,565.64 plus interest. Therefore, she definitely was not insolvent.

Out and out lies

Mrs. Fast was motivated to take the actions she did because Mr. and Mrs. Kormos was beginning to execute on their judgement and there was real value in the real estate to eventually get paid from. So, Mrs. Fast lied on her sworn statement of affairs she completed with her licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee) (LIT). She also manufactured an income and expense statement to show that on a cash basis, she suffered a monthly loss.

It is obvious that first, her LIT did insufficient work to establish the bona fides of the values Mrs. Fast used in her bankruptcy filing. Second, the lower court Judge ignored what should have been obvious. Mrs. Fast should not have been allowed to file an assignment in bankruptcy. At least now we are back to the tried and true definition of an insolvent person with clarity from the Ontario appellate court.

The Court of Appeal ordered the annulment of Mrs. Fast’s bankruptcy. They also awarded costs to Mr. and Mrs. Kormos on a partial indemnity basis in the amount of $2,000, including disbursements and HST.

Are you insolvent?

Are you unable to pay your debts as they come due? Are your bills past due and you don’t know how you are going to pay them? Is the true value of your assets less than what you owe to your creditors? If so, then you are insolvent, and we can help end your pain and anxiety.

A LIT is the only insolvency expert accredited, licensed and supervised by the federal government to handle debt restructuring. As a LIT, our personalized strategy will assist you to know all your alternatives. The alternative you choose based on our recommendations will take away the stress and pain you are feeling because of your debt problems.

Nobody wants to visit a bankruptcy trustee. However, the Ira Smith Team has decades and generations of experience people and companies in financial trouble. We will treat you with the respect and dignity that you deserve. Whether it is a consumer proposal debt settlement plan, a larger personal or corporate restructuring proposal debt settlement plan, or as a last resort, bankruptcy, we have the experience.

Our approach for each file is to create a result where Starting Over, Starting Now takes place. This starts the minute you are at our front door. You’re simply one phone call away from taking the necessary steps to get back to leading a healthy, balanced hassle-free life.

Call us today for your free consultation, Starting Over, Starting Now.

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Brandon Blog Post

CONSUMER PROPOSAL STORY 4 – TRUE STORIES

Introduction

This consumer proposal story 4 Brandon’s Blog is about how four of our clients were able to enter into a government approved debt settlement program, shed their debt and restart their lives.

As I have written in previous blogs, a consumer proposal is the only government approved debt settlement plan. It is designed for people who have $250,000 or less in total debt, other than for any debts secured against their home such as a mortgage or secured home equity line of credit.

If the consumer proposal receives the (deemed) acceptance by the required majority of creditors and it also receives (deemed) court approval, then the consumer proposal is approved. The insolvent person must now make the payments to the licensed insolvency trustee who is the consumer proposal administrator.

The following four real client consumer proposal story situations of mine I believe are representative of the kind of person we help end the pain and anxiety their debts are causing them. I have changed the names of the people for this Brandon’s Blog.

Buzz

This client is a 56-year-old married male. I will call him Buzz. He has annual income, net of income tax of $100,000. He has assets with a net realizable value of $1,000. His consumer debt totalled $71,000.

In reviewing his budget and affairs, we calculated that in personal bankruptcy, he would be required to contribute surplus income for 36 months as he was previously bankrupt. His surplus income obligation in bankruptcy was just over $34,000 in equal monthly instalments of $944.44.

We advised him that since his budget had room for him to make monthly payments, he should consider a consumer proposal. We drafted and filed his consumer proposal requiring him to pay $40,000 in total over 5 years. This resulted in equal monthly payments each of $667.

Buzz’s creditors accepted his consumer proposal and he is making the payments. This way he avoided bankruptcy and ended up with an approved debt settlement plan with monthly payments he can afford.

Woody

This client is a 65-year-old single male. I will call him Woody. He has annual income, net of income tax of $27,600. He has assets with a net realizable value of $500. His consumer debt totalled $108,000.

In reviewing his budget and affairs, we calculated that in personal bankruptcy, he would be required to contribute surplus income for 9 months as he was never previously bankrupt. His surplus income obligation in bankruptcy was just over $1,880 in equal monthly instalments of $208.89.

We advised him that since his budget had room for him to make monthly payments, he should consider a consumer proposal. We drafted and filed his consumer proposal requiring him to pay $24,000 in total over 5 years. This resulted in equal monthly payments each of $400.

Woody’s creditors accepted his consumer proposal and he is making his payments. This way he avoided bankruptcy and ended up with an approved debt settlement plan with monthly payments he can afford.

Mr. & Mrs. Potato Head

Our 3rd client is a 47-year-old married man and his 43-year-old wife. I will call them Mr. & Mrs. Potato Head. Their yearly income, net of tax obligations was $51,996. Their assets had a realizable value of $953. They are collectively responsible for the exact same consumer financial debts amounting to $31,820.

In assessing their budget, we computed that in a bankruptcy, they would need to pay surplus income for 9 months as neither were bankrupt before. Their surplus income responsibility in a joint bankruptcy was $5,271 in regular monthly instalments of $585.67.

We encouraged them that given their budget plan had room to make month-to-month payments, they must take into consideration the possibility of making a consumer proposal. We prepared and filed their consumer proposal needing them to pay $7,020 over 3 years. This led to regular monthly payments each of $195.

Mr. & Mrs. Potato Head’s creditors approved the consumer proposal and they are making their payments. In this manner, they will not go bankrupt and wound up with an accepted debt negotiation strategy with month-to-month payments they can manage.

Jessie

This client is a 67-year-old married female. I will call her Jessie. She has annual income, net of income tax of $58,416. She has assets with a net realizable value of $250. Her consumer debt totalled $67,000.

In examining her budget plan, we determined that in bankruptcy, she would be called for surplus income payments for 36 months as she was once a bankrupt. Her surplus income commitment in a bankruptcy would be $17,465 in regular monthly instalments of $485.13.

Considering that her spending plan had space to make month-to-month repayments, we encouraged her to seriously think about making a consumer proposal. We composed and submitted her consumer proposal needing her to pay $21,500 over a 40 month period. This would be regular monthly payments each of $537.50.

Jessie’s creditors approved her consumer proposal and she is making her repayments. By doing this she stayed clear of bankruptcy and wound up with an approved debt negotiation strategy with regular monthly repayments she can manage.

Consumer proposal story summary

I hope these real-life consumer proposal story 4 examples gives you a better idea of the kind of people this debt settlement program strategy is meant to help. It is a way for people to shed their debt and get back on a proper footing.

Are you in financial distress? Do you not have adequate funds to pay your financial obligations as they come due?

If so, call the Ira Smith Team today. We have decades and generations of experience assisting people looking for financial restructuring, a debt settlement plan and to AVOID bankruptcy.

As a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee), we are the only professionals accredited, acknowledged and supervised by the federal government to provide insolvency advice and to implement approaches to help you remain out of personal bankruptcy while eliminating your debts. A consumer proposal is a government approved debt settlement plan to do that. We will help you decide on what is best for you between a consumer proposal vs bankruptcy.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so you can eliminate the stress, anxiety, and pain from your life that your financial problems have caused. With the one-of-a-kind roadmap, we develop just for you, we will immediately return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

You can have a no-cost analysis so we can help you fix your troubles. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

consumer proposal story

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Brandon Blog Post

OSAP BANKRUPTCY IS NOT AS SIMPLE AS YOU MIGHT THINK

OSAP bankruptcy Introduction

I have written before on the issue of the difficulty in discharging student loans through bankruptcy. Bankruptcy will certainly not release your student loans debt until you’ve been out of full or part-time studies for 7 years. It is also question and answer #8 in our TOP 20 PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY FAQS found on our main website. In Brandon’s Blog, I want to drill down into the issue of an OSAP bankruptcy.

What is OSAP?

The Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP) is a financial assistance program that can assist students in spending for college or university.

OSAP provides money via:

  • Grant: cash you do not need to repay
  • Loan: a loan you are required to pay off when you’re done college or university

OSAP can assist your spending for:

  • tuition
  • books and supplies/equipment
  • student fees billed by an institution
  • living expenditures
  • childcare

Amongst the various categories of people who are not eligible for OSAP, one is those people who have filed for either personal bankruptcy or a consumer proposal. As you might imagine, the rules surrounding OSAP bankruptcy are not simple. Let’s do some drilling down now!

Students that did not get student loans before the day they declared bankruptcy or filed a consumer proposal

If the student has been discharged from bankruptcy or fully completed a consumer proposal, she or he does not require to offer any type of supporting paperwork in order for their OSAP application to be reviewed.

If the student is an undischarged bankrupt or has not completed the consumer proposal, the student must supply a letter from their licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee) or consumer proposal administrator. The document must show the day the student filed for either bankruptcy or the consumer proposal and that these 2 matters have actually been or will be satisfied:

  • Ontario and Canada is not a creditor in the bankruptcy or consumer proposal as an outcome of monetary help provided via OSAP; and
  • no monetary help offered to the student via OSAP during the current OSAP year will be taken in the insolvency proceedings to pay back the creditors

Discharged and the student is not presently enrolled in studies

If the student is discharged from bankruptcy or has successfully completed a consumer proposal, his/her OSAP application will not be decided upon until the student gives evidence that they have no amount owing on any student loans.

Alternatively, if applicable, the student can show that he/she received relief in their bankruptcy by way of a court order stating that section 178(1)(g) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA) no longer applies to the student loans.

In this situation, the student needs to supply:

  • evidence that an order of discharge or full completion of the consumer proposal has been achieved and that 3 years have expired since that date
  • a copy of the notice of bankruptcy/consumer proposal
  • letter from the student’s bank and/or the National Student Loans Service Centre confirming there is no outstanding balance
  • any relevant court order

Discharged and continuing a program of study

If the student is discharged from bankruptcy or has successfully completed a consumer proposal, his/her OSAP application will not be decided upon until the student gives evidence that they have no amount owing on any student loans.

Alternatively, if applicable, the student can show that he/she received relief in their bankruptcy by way of a court order stating that section 178(1)(g) of the BIA no longer applies to the student loans.

In this situation, the student needs to prove that he/she meets all of the following criteria:

  • at the time the student declared bankruptcy or filed the consumer proposal, they were enrolled in an accepted program of study at an accepted school and taking the minimum called for course load
  • the student remains in the same accepted program they were in on the date of bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing date
  • the student has not had a break in studies longer than 6 months since the date of bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing date
  • it has not been greater than 3 fiscal years since the date of bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing date

In this situation, the student needs to supply:

  • evidence that an order of discharge or full completion of the consumer proposal has been achieved and that 3 years have expired since that date
  • a copy of the notice of bankruptcy/consumer proposal
  • letter from the student’s bank and/or the National Student Loans Service Centre confirming there is no outstanding balance
  • any relevant court order
  • letter from the student’s Financial Aid Office verifying that the program of study in which the student was registered at the time of the bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing, is the same as the program the student is now applying for

Undischarged bankrupt or has not yet fully completed the consumer proposal

If the student is an undischarged bankrupt or has not successfully completed a consumer proposal, the processing of the student’s OSAP application will not be completed until the student gives evidence that they have no amount owing on any student loans.

In this situation, the student needs to prove that he/she meets all of the following criteria:

  • at the time the student declared bankruptcy or filed the consumer proposal, they were enrolled in an accepted program of study at an accepted school and taking the minimum called for course load
  • the student remains in the same accepted program the were in on the date of bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing date
  • the student has not had a break in studies longer than 6 months since the date of bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing date
  • it has not been greater than 3 fiscal years since the date of bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing date

In this situation, the student needs to supply a letter from their licensed insolvency trustee or consumer proposal administrator. The document must show the day the student filed for either bankruptcy or the consumer proposal and that these 2 matters have actually been or will be satisfied:

  • Ontario and Canada is not a creditor in the bankruptcy or consumer proposal as an outcome of monetary help provided via OSAP; and
  • no monetary help offered to the student via OSAP during the current OSAP year will be taken in the insolvency proceedings to pay back the creditors

The student will also need to supply a:

  • letter from the student’s bank and/or the National Student Loans Service Centre confirming there is no outstanding balance
  • any relevant court order
  • letter from the student’s Financial Aid Office verifying that the program of study in which the student was registered at the time of the bankruptcy/consumer proposal filing, is the same as the program the student is now applying for

Summary

I hope you now understand that the whole area of OSAP bankruptcy and student loans in either a bankruptcy or consumer proposal is not as simple as you might have originally thought. This is especially the case if the student is continuing his or her studies.

Do you have too much debt? Are you in financial distress? Do you not have adequate funds to pay your financial obligations as they come due?

If so, call the Ira Smith Team today. We have decades and generations of experience assisting people looking for financial restructuring, a debt settlement plan and to AVOID bankruptcy.

As a licensed insolvency trustee (formerly called a bankruptcy trustee), we are the only professionals accredited, acknowledged and supervised by the federal government to provide insolvency advice and to implement approaches to help you remain out of personal bankruptcy while eliminating your debts. A consumer proposal is a government approved debt settlement plan to do that. We will help you decide on what is best for you between a consumer proposal vs bankruptcy.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so you can eliminate the stress, anxiety, and pain from your life that your financial problems have caused. With the one-of-a-kind roadmap, we develop just for you, we will immediately return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

You can have a no-cost analysis so we can help you fix your troubles. Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

osap bankruptcy

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