Tag: Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act

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RESTRUCTURING AND TURNAROUND IS NOT ROCKET SCIENCE! HERE’S WHY

restructuring and turnaround, assignment in bankruptcy, bankruptcy, bankruptcies, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, BIA, Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, CCAA, Casimir Capital Ltd., deemed assignment in bankruptcy, trustee, proposal, starting over starting nowA restructuring and turnaround process that does not garner the support of the creditors can lead to bankruptcy. Bankruptcy ends up being a result of an attempt to save the business that has gone awry.

There are two statutes which set out the law of bankruptcy and insolvency law in Canada, including the Canadian regimes for a corporate restructuring and turnaround:

  • Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (“BIA”): Contains 275 sections and is intended to be a complete code for bankruptcies. The law dealing with bankruptcies is within the BIA itself
  • Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (“CCAA”): Deals with corporate restructuring and turnaround (as does the BIA) and contains 22 sections. Most of the law dealing with the CCAA has developed from Court decisions as the statute is very thin!

Once in motion it’s extremely difficult to set aside an assignment into bankruptcy. That is why the interests of all stakeholders must be carefully considered and addressed in order for a restructuring and turnaround plan to be successful. Take for example the motion which was recently brought before the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (In Bankruptcy and Insolvency) by Casimir Capital Ltd., an intermediary or broker of various underwritings and placements. Up until January 31, 2014 when it resigned, it was a member and registered as a securities dealer with the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (“IIROC”).

Casimir Capital Ltd. brought a motion seeking to set aside its deemed assignment into bankruptcy, and a review of a decision of a trustee to allow certain creditors to vote against a proposal put forth by the firm to settle its debts. At that meeting, 93.7% of the creditors voted against the proposal. However, in the motion, Casimir argued that some of the creditors should not have been allowed to vote as it disputes the validity of their claims.

The decision: In Re Casimir Capital, 2015 ONSC 2819 (CanLII), Casimir’s motion was dismissed. In his ruling The Honourable Mr. Justice Pattillo stated that the trustee “…was correct in allowing the Disputed Creditors to vote.” and “…the steps taken by the Proposal Trustee in reviewing and validating the proofs of claims filed, including the Disputed Creditors, for the purpose of voting at the first meeting were more than sufficient.”

The court noted that even if the votes of the disputed creditors were disallowed, 69.4% of the other creditors, whose claims are not disputed, voted against the proposal. The Court also agreed with the trustee that the debtor’s motion to have its deemed assignment in bankruptcy set aside fails in any event because even if the disputed creditors votes are set aside, the votes of the remaining creditors still defeat the proposal. As you can see, this restructuring and turnaround attempt was doomed for failure, as essentially none of the needs of the stakeholders were successfully addressed. Therefore in this case, a deemed assignment in bankruptcy was the end result. I am sure the professionals involved did the best they could with what they had to work with, but it obviously was not enough.

Unfortunately many companies and individuals find themselves in financial difficulties and surviving these financial difficulties can be a daunting task. Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. has helped many companies to not only survive, but prosper. Our corporate restructuring and turnaround strategies not only deal with short term crisis management but the long term viability of corporations. Contact us today so that Starting Over, Starting Now once again your company can a financially viable entity.

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DEATH OF A DEBTOR: WHO’S RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEBTS?

death of a debtor, paycheque to paycheque, debt, debts, trustee, student loans, financial disaster, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, Starting Over Starting NowWhen you think of death of a debtor, you can’t help but be reminded of Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller’s Pulitzer Prize winning play written in 1949 and still timely today. The play was essentially an attack on the American dream of materialism as embodied by the central character, Willy Loman. His entire life he lived paycheque to paycheque, waiting for his big break that never came. All the while the debts kept piling up. One day Willy Loman was fired and as a result he took his own life leaving his family to deal with the death of a debtor.

From time to time, we are consulted regarding insolvent estates of deceased persons.

When the death of a debtor occurs, who is responsible for the debts?

  • Although some creditors may try to collect from the spouse or other family members, debts do not transfer by virtue of marriage or death unless the debt is “joint” in which case the survivor will be required to pay the balance of the account.
  • Debts are normally paid out of the assets of the estate of the deceased before distributions are made to heirs (before any money can be distributed to heirs, all the proven debts must be paid).
  • If the estate is insolvent (the assets of the estate are not sufficient to pay the debts), then the order of payment is normally prescribed by provincial legislation.
  • If warranted, the executors can make application to Bankruptcy Court for an order allowing them to assign the deceased’s estate into bankruptcy. In that event, then the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada), the federal legislation, will prescribe the order of payment.
  • If there is no money in the estate to pay the debt and if the debt is only in the name of the deceased person, the credit grantor will be left with no option but to write off the debt as uncollectible.

Some debts may be extinguished upon the death of the debtor:

  • Insured mortgages
  • Insured loans
  • The Canada Student Financial Assistance Act provides for some student loans to be repaid by the federal government in the event of the student’s death or permanent disability.

Make sure you know and understand the state of your finances before you have to deal with death of a debtor. If you’re living from paycheque to paycheque and on the edge of financial disaster, contact a professional trustee today. The Ira Smith team can help you solve your financial problems with immediate action and the right plan so that Starting Over, Starting Now you can enjoy financial freedom.

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RESTRUCTURING AND TURNAROUND OF CORPORATIONS SAVES JOBS & COMPANIES

restructuring and turnaround, corporate restructuring and turnaround, restructuring and turnaround proposal, debt, bankruptcy, trustee, insolvency and restructuring plan, bankruptcy and insolvency act, BIA, starting over starting nowRestructuring and turnaround services can produce great benefits as long as the company recognizes early enough that it has problems. As the holidays approach, we want to hear feel good stories. Here is a great feel good story.

There are good news financial stories out there and here is one from the files of Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. If caught early enough, we can save companies and jobs through corporate restructuring and turnaround services, and avoid bankruptcy.

The Company: Professional services company which had been in business for 16 years and was in need of restructuring and turnaround services.

Hard Assets: Negligible.

How The Company got Into Trouble: The principal’s husband was travelling on business for an extended period and she decided to take leave from her business. Rather than using technology, both new and old, to supervise the business while travelling and maintaining financial control throughout, she delegated all responsibility to senior management and senior staff. In the principal’s absence the senior management made a series of decisions that put the Company in serious jeopardy:

  • They leased extra space expecting the need to hire more staff to meet the anticipated increased business, but that business never came.
  • Their rent and staffing costs were too high.
  • Notwithstanding the increased staffing and staffing costs, they also outsourced more work than before.
  • The total costs and liabilities were increasing rapidly while revenue was declining.
  • They neglected to pay the payroll source deductions throughout and a secured claim to CRA arose in excess of $500,000.

Through a combination of incompetence and foul play, the senior management and staff encumbered the business with too much debt and had created a situation where many of the firm’s top clients were about to bolt. Without the intervention of a well planned yet swiftly implemented restructuring and turnaround plan, the company would surely die.

Upon the principal’s return, she sought the advice of her accountant and lawyer and was referred to us. The principal suspected the senior management’s actions were taken with a view to harm the company so that certain members of the senior management team could start their own firm and take certain staff members with them. It became clear to us that this company was a candidate for a restructuring and turnaround, not a candidate for bankruptcy. Working with the principal, we quickly devised and began implementing the restructuring and turnaround using a Proposal under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (“BIA”).

Restructuring & Turnaround: The Company was in the BIA Restructuring and Turnaround Mode for about 1.5 years.

  • The principal worked very diligently through the Proposal process to maintain the trust of key customers.
  • She was able to give back a portion of the premises to the landlord, thereby reducing premises leasing costs.
  • She terminated unnecessary staffing, including those senior staff that was responsible for the decline of the company. The staff did launch a wrongful dismissal suit but that litigation was settled within the Proposal process.
  • After about 1 year the Company was able to change Banks and obtain a more favourable financing package.

The restructuring and turnaround plan was in place and working!

The Result: Through the Restructuring and Turnaround Proposal, the company was able to amass sufficient cash to pay off in full the source deduction trust claim in excess of $500K and they successfully completed their Proposal by paying an additional amount of $250,000 to compromise $1.2 million of unsecured debt. The Company to this date continues to operate profitably, provides employment and also contributes in other ways to the community. The restructuring and turnaround plan worked!

Serious financial problems don’t have to mean the end for a company. There are solutions other than bankruptcy. Corporate restructuring and turnaround is one of them. Contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. today. If caught early enough, we can save companies and jobs through corporate restructuring and turnaround services, and avoid bankruptcy Starting Over, Starting Now.

Are you, or your company in need of a restructuring and turnaround? If so, don’t procrastinate; contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. now!

 

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NON-COMPETE CLAUSE; DON’T IGNORE IT

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Courtesy of RocketLawyer.com

Ignoring a non-compete clause can be very tempting, especially if you left your employer feeling that you weren’t given proper notice or that you were owed wages or commissions. Don’t let this type of situation cloud your better judgement because ignoring an enforceable non-compete clause can be very costly. Even bankruptcy won’t discharge you of this debt.

Recently there was an action that demonstrates clearly why not to ignore a non-compete clause. An employer terminated its agreement with one of its associates. Although a non-compete clause was in place, the associate chose to ignore it and continued doing business with several of his former boss’s customers or former customers. The employer brought action against his former associate to recover losses allegedly sustained as a result of the former associate ignoring the non-compete clause in his contract and therefore breaching his agreement with his former employer.

The claim under the judgement the employer obtained against the former associate for loss of profits was not discharged by the former associate’s bankruptcy, given that it was ruled to be a debt incurred for breach of fiduciary duty, which is a type of debt not discharged under section 178(1) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada).

Don’t let your emotions cloud your better judgement. Even if you think your former employer owes you wages, ignoring an enforceable non-compete clause is not the answer. As you can see by this action, whether you leave an employer voluntarily or otherwise, if there is an enforceable non-compete clause in place, and you take customers away from your former employer during the non-compete period, not only can they obtain a judgement for the lost profits, bankruptcy also won’t discharge you of that debt.

For more information on this or any issue related to insolvency or bankruptcy contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. We’re an insolvency and financial restructuring practice for individuals and companies in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) facing financial crisis. Our speciality is serving individuals and the private company entrepreneurial market, regardless of size. If you’re experiencing financial difficulties, we can help you recover financially Starting Over, Starting Now.

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BANKRUPTCY TRUSTEES ADVISE BANKRUPTCY IS A FINANCIAL TOOL

bankruptcy trustees, financial distress, financial tool, bankruptcy, too much debt, collection letters, collection calls, bankruptcy alternatives, personal bankruptcy, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, bankruptcy legislation, corporate bankruptcy, bankruptcy protection, Air Canada bankruptcy, American Airlines bankruptcy, consumer proposal, starting over starting now, bankruptcy trusteeBankruptcy trustees advise people in financial distress to think of bankruptcy as just another financial tool. Bankruptcy still carries a stigma with it for many people, but if you have too much debt, cannot repay your debts and are afraid to open the mail or answer the phone because of all the collection letters and collection calls you receive, you need to take some positive step to eliminate this stress in your life by finding a responsible and realistic solution.

Bankruptcy trustees will tell you that none of their clients wanted to call and for sure did not wish to see them. People come to bankruptcy trustees feeling ashamed, guilty and worthless. It is normal to feel that you have failed in such circumstances, but it is also important for your emotional and financial well-being to think of bankruptcy or one of the various bankruptcy alternatives as another financial tool and to use one of these tools to fix the situation for yourself.

Our media promotes the feeling that personal bankruptcy is somehow equated with failure, instead of it being described as merely a negative financial outcome for the honest, but unfortunate person. Everyone deserves a second chance, and using bankruptcy, or one of the bankruptcy alternatives is a way to get that second chance. Many people have done so in the past, and many will do so in the future; that is why Parliament created the laws forming our bankruptcy legislation, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. Keep in mind, many famous people have previously filed for bankruptcy.

It is interesting that our media casts personal bankruptcy in a negative light, but shows corporate bankruptcy protection as something positive. When we heard years ago about Air Canada filing for bankruptcy protection, or more recently, American Airlines filing for bankruptcy, people did not stop flying the airlines because they were disgusted that a company would dare to make use of the bankruptcy financial tool, but rather, people were worried about whether or not they would lose any of their airline point privileges!

Why can’t we think of personal bankruptcy as the same positive step forward financial tool in dealing with an unfortunate situation?

Bankruptcy trustees are the people licensed by the Government of Canada to administer the provisions of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. Bankruptcy trustees need to obtain a full understanding of your assets and liabilities and understand your personal situation in order to advise whether you should go bankrupt, or if you are a candidate for a consumer proposal instead. No doubt people seeking the assistance of bankruptcy trustees have many questions needing to be answered also.

Are you suffering financially for any reason? Don’t be ashamed; contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. Debt won’t go away on its own. You need professional help Starting Over, Starting Now so that you can regain your dignity and resume on a path to debt free living.

Watch this 5 minute video to listen to how another bankruptcy trustee explains it.

http://youtu.be/GCcCHJl1V44

 

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OWED WAGES BY EMPLOYER? FIND OUT IF YOU QUALIFY TO GET PAID

accrued vacation pay wage earner protection program, owed wages by employer, starting over starting now, avoid bankruptcy, licensed trustee, trustee, Service Canada, receivership, bankruptcy, notice of intention to make a proposal, Division I Proposal, Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act, WEPPA, bankrupt, wages, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, BIADo you believe you wages are owing to by your employer? People ask us what if my employer owes me money & goes into either receivership or bankruptcy.

We answer if wages are owed by your employer and the company is either in receivership or is bankrupt don’t despair; there is hope for you to recuperate monies owed to you. The Wage Earner Protection Program (“WEPP”) Act – WEPPA – in conjunction with an amendment to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) – BIA – created a mechanism for employees to be compensated for claims of unpaid wages, commissions and vacation pay accrued in the six months preceding the employer files for bankruptcy or being placed in receivership and wages are owed to you along with claims for unpaid termination and/or severance pay.

Are there any exceptions to this? What are the rules?

There are a few exceptions. You are generally not eligible if, during the period for which you wages are owed to you by your employer, you:

  • were an officer or a director of your former employer
  • had a controlling interest in the business of your former employer
  • were a manager whose responsibilities included making binding financial decisions impacting the business of your former employer, and/or making binding decisions on the payment or non-payment of wages by your former employer

Who is eligible for the WEPP? You may apply if wages are owed to you by your employer and:

  • your former employer has filed for bankruptcy or is subject to a receivership
  • wages are owed to you by your employer, vacation pay, termination or severance pay from your former employer
  • amounts earned during the eligibility period or, in the case of termination or severance pay, your employment was terminated during the eligibility period ending on the date of bankruptcy or receivership

One more very important exception – it only applies if wages are owed to you by your employer and your employer is in either receivership or bankruptcy and owes you wages. If your employer is attempting a corporate restructuring under a Notice of Intention to Make a Proposal, a Division I Proposal or the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act, then WEPPA and its provisions do not come into play.

Claim limits

Regardless of the total amount owing to you, the maximum any employee can receive under WEPPA is the greater of $3,200 or four times the maximum weekly insurable earnings under the Employment Insurance Act (which is now greater than $3,200). Once employees file claims with both the Trustee and Service Canada, Service Canada pays their claims for owed wages by employer and Service Canada becomes the creditor. The amendment to the BIA has recognized WEPPA and created a priority charge that supersedes all secured charges except CRA’s deemed trust claim (and the reclaiming rights of farmers and suppliers) to a max of $2,000 per employee, secured against current assets.

Documentation

While no one wants – or expects – to be part of a receivership or bankruptcy, you should always keep detailed records of hours worked for any pay period. On any occasion when you discover there will be no paycheque, record the loss that you will suffer, such as not being able to pay bills or buy groceries. Ask for a formal explanation from your employer and keep detailed notes on your efforts. It’s important to prove that when owed wages by employer; you still expect to be paid, even if it’s late.

If your employer is in receivership or bankruptcy proceedings, and you believe you have a claim for owed wages by employer, find the trustee and get in touch with Service Canada. Have your records ready and make sure you get your Proof of Claim.

If you are experiencing financial problems, contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. We are a licensed trustee and will listen to your issues and offer compassionate, professional assistance to aid you to avoid bankruptcy, so that you can regain control of your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.

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RECEIVERSHIP IN BANKRUPTCY – WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

receivership in bankruptcyFor those looking at insolvency, you may have heard the phrase –receivership in bankruptcy – and wondered what it meant. This phrase is both inaccurate, and in the area of the Canadian insolvency process, yet still possible. Are you confused yet? What is the source of the confusion? Most likely, people confuse the job of a licensed insolvency trustee with the job of a receiver. This is because one of the functions of a licensed trustee is to take possession of the assets of the bankrupt person or company, sell those assets, receive the money and then distribute the money to the creditors as prescribed in the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA).

In this situation, the trustee is receiving funds, but in no way is regarded as a receiver in any legal way. What does a licensed bankruptcy trustee do? In Toronto, and all of Canada, a bankruptcy trustee is licensed by the Federal government and works on behalf of all the unsecured creditors; this is the case even though the individual or company is the one who chose the licensed trustee prior to assigning itself into bankruptcy. Creditors have rights and are entitled to get their portion of the money owed to them when it is possible from the licensed trustee administering the bankruptcy. But in corporate insolvency, there is no term called receivership in bankruptcy.

For an individual, a licensed trustee can also help the person look at bankruptcy alternatives, such as debt consolidation, credit counselling and consumer proposals to deal with creditors and avoid bankruptcy. Consumer proposals reduce and reorganize an individual’s debt and if accepted, the successful consumer proposal helps the person recover from their debt and not do as much damage to their credit score. What is a receivership?

Receivership is a process that is available to lenders or other secured creditors only (as opposed to bankruptcy which is a remedy for unsecured creditors) to seize the assets of the company subject to the lender’s security through the appointment of a receiver. The receiver, who also must be a licensed trustee, will determine if the highest recovery can be gained from running the company or shutting it down, all while devising and implementing a plan to sell the assets. This is done in order to recover the greatest amount of money possible under the circumstances for the lender who appointed the receiver.

So how can there be a receivership in bankruptcy? As described in this blog, receivership is a remedy for secured creditors, while BIA proceedings, other than receivership, are a remedy to benefit the unsecured creditors. In some cases, it is necessary to have a bankruptcy administration, at the same time there is a receivership. The reasons why are much too complex for the purposes of this blog, but now you know, that although the phrase is inaccurate, it is still possible.

Receivership in bankruptcy summary

Before receivership or bankruptcy becomes your only option, there are alternatives including credit counselling, debt consolidation, and consumer proposals. Contact us today. The team at Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. will work with you to ensure that Starting Over, Starting Now you can regain financial health.

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NEGOTIATING DEBT VS BANKRUPTCY

negotiating debt vs bankruptcy, bankruptcy, bankruptcy faqs, debt, trustee, professional trustee, licensed trustee, debt settlement companies, financial plan, consumer proposals, consumer bankruptcies, bankruptcy alternatives, alternatives to bankruptcy, credit counselling, debt consolidation, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, BIA, Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy CanadaNegotiating debt vs bankruptcy. Of course you would not pick bankruptcy as your first choice. If you are considering the options of negotiating debt vs bankruptcy, you must be mired in serious financial difficulty and have few options available to you.

You need the help of a professional, licensed trustee now! Don’t be seduced by the bogus claims of debt settlement companies who promise to negotiate with your creditors for pennies on the dollar and get you out of debt in no time flat. Although you are being bombarded with messages like this on radio, television and online, don’t fall prey to these scam artists.

Debt settlement companies have already been banned in the United States and now several Canadian provinces have introduced strict regulations in the debt settlement industry. A professional trustee will evaluate your individual situation fairly and in an even-handed manner, and present you with a solid financial plan for moving forward and getting out of debt, including all of the advantages and disadvantages of negotiating debt vs bankruptcy.

According to the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada, consumers continue to opt in large numbers for negotiating debt vs bankruptcy.

What are the alternatives to bankruptcy? There are 3 Formal Bankruptcy Alternatives:

  1. Credit Counselling
    Credit counselling is in reality debt counselling. Professionals provide assistance with a host of issues related to debt including budgeting, finding debt solutions, working with your creditors and rebuilding credit.
  2. Debt Consolidation
    Debt consolidation is a single loan that allows you to repay your debts to several or all of your creditors at once, leaving you with only one outstanding loan.
  3. Consumer Proposals
    Consumer proposals are formal offers made to your creditors under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA) to modify your payments. e.g. paying a lesser amount each month for a longer period of time and paying a total lesser amount than you owe. In a consumer proposal you are choosing not to go bankrupt so this is actually negotiating debt vs bankruptcy.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is a professional, licensed trustee who can help you get back on the road to financial health Starting Over, Starting Now. A licensed trustee can properly advise you on negotiating debt vs bankruptcy. If you wish to do some self-study, please review our bankruptcy FAQS. But don’t delay. Contact us today.

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BANKRUPTCY TRUSTEE TORONTO: HELPING YOU STARTING OVER, STARTING NOW

living paycheque to paycheque, alternatives to bankruptcy, bankruptcy, bankruptcy alternatives, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, bankruptcy faqs, bankruptcy process, bankruptcy trustee in toronto, bankruptcy trustee toronto, collection agencies, credit, credit counselling, credit score, consumer proposal, debt consolidation, rebuild your credit, starting over starting now, wages, bankruptcy trustee torontoA bankruptcy trustee Toronto understands that insolvency and filing for bankruptcy can be a very distressing time in someone’s life. Many people feel like failures at this time and need to have someone to whom they can turn to help them understand their options. People filing for bankruptcy can choose a federally regulated bankruptcy trustee Toronto they feel the most comfortable with to assist them in the process.

When Bankruptcy Becomes Necessary

When a person becomes insolvent, they cannot pay back what they owe to their creditors; in fact, what they owe may far outweigh the assets that they have. At this point, an individual may consider declaring bankruptcy. There are several clues, such as the following, that indicate that one is nearing this point of no return and should consult with a bankruptcy trustee Toronto:

▪ Garnished wages from each paycheque

▪ Contact from one or more collection agencies

▪ Utilities or household services that have been stopped from lack of payment

▪ You can no longer make ends meet living paycheque to paycheque

Bankruptcy and Its Benefits

Although it should be noted that bankruptcy is not the perfect solution for everyone because it will be quite costly and destructive to one’s credit score, it does have several advantages. Of course, there will be no more harassment from creditors or collection agencies during and following the bankruptcy process, and the person involved will be able to feel a greater peace of mind. In addition, many times people are allowed to keep their homes and property during bankruptcy. Finally, employers cannot discriminate against individuals who file for bankruptcy.

What a Bankruptcy Trustee Toronto Does

Anyone filing for bankruptcy in the GTA can choose the bankruptcy trustee Toronto they feel the most comfortable with to assist them. A bankruptcy trustee Toronto has numerous tasks. In general, the trustee is an impartial intermediary who will make sure that every part of the process is performed correctly, that there is no fraud and that assets are liquidated appropriately. Before the actual bankruptcy filing, he or she will meet with the person to review the individual’s situation, consider all alternatives to bankruptcy, including credit counselling, debt consolidation and consumer proposals.

After this initial assessment, if bankruptcy is the best option, the federally regulated bankruptcy trustee will explain the bankruptcy process to you, prepare and look over any paperwork before it is filed, if necessary will hold a meeting of creditors for the individual and will ensure that creditors are paid their pro rata share in accordance with the provisions of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act.

Some people fear that a bankruptcy trustee Toronto will make their lives miserable each step of the way. However, although the trustee may have some difficult and painful tasks to fulfill, they will ensure that each step of the process is performed thoroughly, accurately and with complete professionalism. Those people who are in a position to benefit from declaring bankruptcy will find the work of a trustee to be invaluable and allow you after your discharge from bankruptcy to rebuild your credit.

Bankruptcy Trustee Toronto

If you feel you are a candidate for bankruptcy, you can first do some self-study by reviewing our bankruptcy faqs. After reviewing the bankruptcy alternatives, if the best solution for you is bankruptcy, you should feel comfortable that your choice of trustee will treat you with the compassion and respect you deserve. Contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. and Starting Over Starting Now you’ll be on your way to living a debt free life.

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407 ETR FAIRNESS-ONTARIO COURT OF APPEAL ENSURES 407 ETR FRESH START

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407 ETR407 ETR found out that bankruptcy law is complicated. It not only deals with the facts, but with the spirit of the law. Canada (Superintendent of Bankruptcy) v. 407 ETR Concession Company Limited, 2013 ONCA 769 (Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act CanLII) is a very interesting case.

It involves Matthew David Moore, a truck driver who owned two vehicles and was a frequent user of this toll highway. Mr. Moore owed the money for usage of the toll Highway which he failed to pay. In March 2005 and December 2006, 407ETR sent notices of his non-payment relating to two separate vehicles to the Registrar of Motor Vehicles for the Province of Ontario (the “Registrar”). As a result, when the vehicle permit for one of the vehicles expired in August 2005, it could not be renewed. However, Mr. Moore continued to use Highway 407 for another 18 months and as of October 2007, he owed $34,977.06.

In November 2007 Mr. Moore made an assignment into bankruptcy. The 407ETR was listed as a creditor but it did not file a proof of claim which would have enabled the 407ETR to make submissions at any hearing into Moore’s discharge from bankruptcy and to share rateably with Moore’s other unsecured creditors in the bankruptcy. After declaring bankruptcy Mr. Moore had an accident and retrained to become a car salesman, which is what he now does for a living. He gave evidence that he needs a vehicle permit in order to do his job and earn a living. In February 2011 Mr. Moore obtained a conditional discharge from bankruptcy. He requested an Ontario Ministry of Transportation (“MTO”) vehicle permit but the MTO refused his request due to his outstanding indebtedness to this Highway concession company. On June 21, 2011, Mr. Moore obtained an absolute discharge from bankruptcy. Even though he was discharged from bankruptcy, the MTO refused to issue Mr. Moore a vehicle permit. The alleged conflict, in this case, is between s. 178(2) of the BIA, which releases the discharged bankrupt from most claims, and s. 22(4) of the 407 Act, which permits 407ETR to initiate a process by which the debtor will be denied a vehicle permit until he or she discharges the debt to 407ETR. A lot of legal wrangling ensued and eventually, this matter went to appeal. The issues on appeal were:

(i) Does s. 22(4) of the 407 Act conflict with the operation of s. 178 (2) of the BIA?

(ii) Does s. 22(4) of the 407 Act conflict with the purpose of the bankruptcy and insolvency system because it (a) thwarts the objective of providing the bankrupt with a fresh start or (b) creates a new class of debt that survives bankruptcy and frustrates Parliament’s intention to treat all unsecured creditors equally?

What was the 407 etr ruling?

“For these reasons, I would allow the appeal and, as requested by the appellant, set aside the order of the motions judge. In its place, I would substitute an order that:

(1) the discharge of Moore dated June 21, 2011, released him from all claims provable in bankruptcy, including the toll highway debt as at November 10, 2007, and

(2) the Ministry of Transportation is hereby directed to issue license plates to Moore upon payment of the usual licensing fees.

Further, I would declare that s. 22(4) of the 407 Act is inoperative to the extent that it thwarts the purpose of providing a discharged bankrupt with a fresh start.”

This decision ensured that bankruptcy did provide Mr. Moore with a fresh start. If you are experiencing serious financial problems and are looking for a fresh start, contact Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. today. You can even do some self-study with our bankruptcy faqs. Upon review of your situation, we will provide you with a solid plan for moving forward. Starting Over, Starting Now you can get your life back on track and live a happy and productive life.

Call a Trustee Now!