Tag: Bankruptcy Judge

DISCHARGE FROM BANKRUPTCY CANADA: OUR DETAILED STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE

Post author By Brandon Smith
Post date October 10, 2022

discharge from bankruptcy canada

What are the implications of discharge from bankruptcy Canada?

If you are experiencing financial troubles and can’t pay your debts, you can file for bankruptcy in Canada. This legal process lets you off the hook for your debts and start fresh. Once you’re discharged from bankruptcy, you’re no longer responsible for those debts (other than for a few exceptions noted below). Filing for bankruptcy is stressful. We understand how difficult and stressful the bankruptcy process can be, so we hope that this will be a helpful resource for you.

Once the Trustee has completed their duties under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) with respect to the administration of your property and the bankruptcy estate, the next step in the bankruptcy process is they must apply for a discharge. This will occur after the Trustee has applied for your discharge from bankruptcy Canada, even if you did not get an absolute discharge.

This Brandon’s Blog is for people who have made a bankruptcy filing but have not yet been discharged. If your Licensed Insolvency Trustee has been discharged or is otherwise unable to help you with a second discharge application, this blog will provide you with the information you need to get through the process on your own.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: What are the implications if you are not discharged from bankruptcy?

If your previous application for discharge was unsuccessful, you remain an undischarged bankrupt and your Trustee is not obliged to make another application on your behalf. However, you should check with your Trustee first as they may or may not be prepared to do so.

We often receive calls from individuals who claim that their Trustee has been discharged, but they have not been. They express confusion as to why their Licensed Insolvency Trustee will not make an application for their discharge from bankruptcy. A quick search reveals that in these cases, the individual received a conditional discharge, but has not yet fulfilled all of their conditions to get a bankruptcy discharge. That is why their conditional discharge has not yet been converted into an absolute discharge.

If you filed an assignment in bankruptcy and are still an undischarged bankrupt, you may be able to apply for discharge from bankruptcy. An insolvency Trustee only needs to make one application on your behalf. Once the Trustee obtains their discharge, they do not need to make your application for discharge on your behalf again.

The Licensed Trustee cannot be discharged until all bankruptcy administration requirements have been met, including making the first discharge application on behalf of the bankrupt person.

discharge from bankruptcy canada

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: How do you obtain a bankruptcy discharge in Canada?

Automatic discharge from bankruptcy is typically granted unless there are exceptional circumstances. If there is opposition to the automatic discharge, the discharge application must be brought before the court for a hearing.

If you did not complete all of your bankruptcy duties as the bankrupt person, such as providing income and expense statements, attending required financial counselling sessions, and/or paying surplus income, your Trustee had reasons to oppose your automatic discharge and scheduled a hearing with the court.

The Report of Trustee on Bankrupt’s Application for Discharge sets out the reasons for the insolvency Trustee’s opposition to a bankrupt’s application for discharge. This document is on file with the court.

If a bankrupt does not receive a discharge at the time of the court application, it is usually because they have not yet done what is required. The associate justice/registrar who heard the application at court may have therefore adjourned the application (i.e. stated it was to be heard at a later date, which may or may not have been set).

The court may have adjourned your discharge application or imposed conditions that must be met before you are entitled to a discharge. The disposition sheet from the hearing will state what the court decided in this regard.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: What are the steps to clear my bankruptcy?

It’s not unusual for people who didn’t do what they were supposed to at first to try and get back on track and do what’s required to get their discharge. You must comply with your duties during bankruptcy to the best of your ability and be prepared to explain to the court any deficiency in doing so.

For example, to get your discharge, you must be able to provide details and evidence of your income and expenses during bankruptcy. You probably recall that you were required to provide the Trustee with your monthly income and expense reports. If you’re unable to provide the court with those details, the court may want to review your income tax returns for that period. If you want the court to rescind or vary the conditions imposed, you must show that you complied with the conditions to the best of your ability.

There are many examples of trying your best to meet the conditions but maybe not perfectly. If the court orders you to pay a certain sum of money to the Trustee by a certain date, you can make the court-ordered additional payment but not by the specified date. If you were required to make surplus income monthly payments but didn’t make them all, that’s one reason there were conditions attached to your discharge. You can apply to the court to change the date and get your discharge.

Another one is that you didn’t finish all your required credit counselling sessions. You could finish them and then provide proof of completion to the court.

discharge from bankruptcy canada

Completing your own application for discharge from bankruptcy Canada

Making your own application to be discharged from bankruptcy can be a bit daunting, but don’t worry—just follow a few simple steps and you’ll be all set. Here are some tips to help you get your application ready and submitted without the help of a bankruptcy trustee or a bankruptcy lawyer.

To begin, you’ll want to locate your bankruptcy file at the court office. Once you have your file, be sure to look through it thoroughly to find:

your bankruptcy court file number;
the Report of Trustee on the Bankrupt’s Application for Discharge under section 170 of the BIA;
any order issued by the bankruptcy court at the original discharge hearing; and
the court’s disposition sheet from any previous discharge hearing identifies what the court previously ordered or decided.

You will need copies of these documents. You can ask the court office to make copies for you. They will charge you a fee for photocopying. You should check the Report of the Trustee, the court’s disposition sheet, and any court order to see what you failed to do and what conditions the court has imposed. Also, it is not a bad idea to find out who attended your last application for discharge.

You should check the Report of the Trustee, the court’s disposition sheet, and any court order(s) in the file to see what you didn’t do and what conditions (if any) the court has imposed. Lastly, you need to schedule a date for your discharge hearing with the bankruptcy court.

You will be required to prepare the following documents and file them with the court:

a notice of hearing for a bankrupt person’s application for discharge;
your affidavit explaining why you believe you are entitled to the discharge order sought;
an affidavit of service; and
a draft of the order sought.

The Associate Justice/Registrar in Bankruptcy hearing your application for discharge may make any order he or she sees fit. If the order you are seeking is made, he or she may accept and sign it in court on the day you appear, which may save you a period of time later on.

Requisition – Notice of hearing for bankrupt’s discharge from bankruptcy Canada hearing for discharge

The first step in obtaining a discharge in bankruptcy is to file a Notice of Hearing for Bankrupt’s Application for Discharge with the court. That document would have first been filed by the Trustee when the Application for discharge is first scheduled. If you have a copy of it, it will be a good precedent for you to follow.

A requisition must be filed again by you in order to have the matter brought back before the court.

discharge from bankruptcy canada

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada:The Affidavit

An affidavit is a formal, written statement that provides key information in your legal case. Any evidence you want the court to consider in your application must be submitted in an affidavit. Your affidavit should describe the events leading up to your bankruptcy, and your current financial situation.

You must swear or affirm your affidavit before a notary public or commissioner of oaths. Make sure that your affidavit only includes evidence that is relevant to your application for discharge.

The court is familiar with a standard form of affidavit for discharge applications. You should familiarize yourself with that normal format. You should also include:

additional information about why you did not seek a bankruptcy discharge earlier;
is this a 1st-time bankruptcy, 2nd-time bankruptcy or more;
why you have not been able to comply with the bankrupt’s duties or the requirements of an earlier court order; and
state the reasons you are wanting to be discharged now.

You will need to attach any relevant documents to your affidavit in support of your application, including a statement of your current income, expenses, assets, liabilities and any previous bankruptcy information.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada:Affidavit of Service

To serve documents, you must provide a written copy to the party to be served. You need to obtain a signature or other confirmation, such as an email, to confirm that the document was properly served. You will need to serve the filed Requisition and all filed Affidavits and documents on:

any creditor filed an opposition to your discharge;
creditors who attended an earlier discharge hearing;
your Licensed Insolvency Trustee; and
Office of the Superintendent in Bankruptcy.

These parties may attend your hearing and make submissions.

In order to provide proper service within the required time period before your discharge hearing, you must familiarize yourself with the rules. You must also provide proof of service at the hearing, especially if no one else attends. This proof of service can be the signature of everyone served to show the date they were served.

An Affidavit of Service can also be filed with the court. This Affidavit of Service is separate from the Affidavit filed with the court regarding your reasons for entitlement to anabsolute bankruptcy discharge certificate.

discharge from bankruptcy canada

At the discharge from bankruptcy Canada hearing

When you appear in court for your discharge hearing, you will be able to present your case to either an Associate Justice or Registrar in Bankruptcy. If your application is being opposed, the creditors opposing your discharge need to file a notice of opposition. In this case, the hearing will be in front of a bankruptcy Judge. This is the normal process followed:

You explain why you believe you are entitled to the order you are seeking, for example, an absolute discharge from bankruptcy.
Anyone opposing your application explains his or her position.
The Judge or Registrar may ask questions relating to the affidavits and documents you have filed and make suggestions or give directions.

When presenting your position at the hearing, remember to:

Clearly state what order you are seeking from the Registrar in Bankruptcy or Judge.
Outline the facts supporting your application in a concise manner.
Explain the law on the subject and how it applies to the facts of your case.

Your conduct before and during bankruptcy will be taken into consideration when making a decision on your application for discharge. The Trustee’s report will provide information on your conduct before and during bankruptcy, which will be taken into account. if you did not attend the required financial counselling
sessions, did not file required statements of income and expense, and/or did not make the required surplus income payments to the Trustee for the benefit of your creditors.

The court will consider the relevant factors and make the appropriate order, or it may adjourn the hearing for further information or conditions to be met. Some of the types of orders the court may make are:

An order of discharge that is absolute and therefore you are immediately discharged from bankruptcy.
A conditional discharge may be granted. Examples of conditions are:
- if the debtor pays any unpaid surplus income,
- the debtor pays the outstanding balance for any asset that was agreed to be paid for; or
- if the debtor pays a sum of money to the Trustee toward their debt obligations, as decided by the court.
A discharge that has been suspended.
The court may refuse to issue a discharge order if it is not satisfied that you have made full and adequate disclosure, or if there are issues with your conduct.

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: Order for discharge

The Judge or Registrar in Bankruptcy will grant a discharge order at the end of the hearing. The type of discharge will be one of the kinds indicated above. If you prepared a draft order and the Registrar in Bankruptcy or Judge finds it acceptable, they will sign it and you can then have it filed with the court. However, if your application was opposed, keep in mind that one of the opposing parties may choose to appeal the discharge order.

If you have not prepared your order before the hearing, you should do so after the hearing and submit the order in duplicate to the court. The court office will then send the order to the Registrar in Bankruptcy or Judge who heard your application for signing. Once you receive your copy of the signed order, your discharge will be official.

When you receive a copy of the signed order, you must provide a copy to the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy. They will in turn notify the credit bureaus and Canada Revenue Agency of your discharge.

When you have received your absolute discharge, you are no longer legally responsible for repaying debts that you incurred before your assignment in bankruptcy. You will get rid of debt with some exceptions set out in Section 178 of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. They are:

payment of child support or alimony;
student loans, if you have not been a full-time or part-time student for less than 7 years;
a fine or penalty imposed by the court; or
debt resulting from fraud.
discharge from bankruptcy canada

Discharge from bankruptcy Canada: Are you tired of being in debt?

Bankruptcy law and the bankruptcy process can be complex, so it may be worth retaining a bankruptcy lawyer to help you apply for your discharge. Ultimately, it is up to you, but hopefully, this guide to discharge from bankruptcy Canada will lay out the steps you need to take if you wish to apply for a discharge yourself.

I hope that you found this discharge from bankruptcy Canada Brandon’s Blog informative. If you’re sick and tired of carrying the burden of debt and ready to live a much better life, we can assist. We know exactly how it really feels to be in debt as well as feel like you’re never going to get ahead. We have actually helped lots of people and businesses that were in your position reach financial stability, so we understand it’s feasible for you to prosper in your objective of ending up being debt-free. Nevertheless, it will certainly require some work on your part. We’ll be right here to assist you with every action necessary.

The financial restructuring process is complex. The Ira Smith Team understands how to do a complex restructuring. However, more importantly, we understand the needs of the entrepreneur or the person who has too many personal unsecured debts, Credit card debt, income tax debt liability, unsecured loans or personal obligations from the running of your company or from being a business owner. These are all types of debt we can help you eliminate. We are aware of your financial difficulties and understand your concerns. Filing bankruptcy is the last option we explore only after we have exhausted all other options to avoid bankruptcy, such as financial restructuring through a debt repayment plan.

It is not your fault that you are in this situation. You have been only shown the old ways that do not work anymore. The Ira Smith Team uses new modern ways to give you the best management advice to get you out of your outstanding debt troubles while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you debt relief freedom.

The stress placed upon you is huge. We understand your pain points. We are sympathetic to the financial difficulties you are experiencing and would like to help alleviate your concerns. We want to lighten your load by coming up with a debt settlement plan crafted just for you.

We realize that people and businesses in financial difficulty need practical advice and a workable solution in an easy-to-understand financial plan. The Ira Smith Team knows that not everyone has to file for bankruptcy in Canada. Most of our clients never do, as we are familiar with alternatives to bankruptcy. We assist many people in finding the relief they need.

Call or email us. We would be happy to give you a no-cost initial consultation. We can find you the perfect solution to tailor a new debt restructuring procedure specifically for you, based on your unique economic situation and needs. We provide a full range of services to people and companies. If any of this sounds familiar to you and you’re serious about finding a solution, let us know. We will get you back to living a happy life, whether or not there is an economic recession in Canada.

Call us now for a no-cost initial consultation. We are licensed professionals.

Brandon Blog Post

WHAT IS A STALKING HORSE: A COMPLETE PROCESS THE CHEF NEEDED TO USE TO SUCCEED

Post author By Brandon Smith
Post date November 22, 2021

what is a stalking horse

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic. Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Brandon Blog, please scroll to the very bottom of the page and click play on the podcast.

What is a stalking horse bid?

In the 16th century, the term originated. It originally was a replica of a horse or something that looked like a horse, that was set out by hunters in an area they wished to hunt in. By hiding behind it, the hunters wouldn’t have to worry about scaring away whatever was being hunted.

Today, it means anything that is put forward or proposed, to test the waters or mask the true nature of the proposal. It is much more recent to think about a stalking horse bid. Its name comes from the fact that it is a way to draw other bidders out of the woods and test their level of seriousness in participating in a sale process and making a bid for the assets being sold.

In this Brandon Blog, I describe an Ontario court decision denying the request of a company under bankruptcy protection to sell its assets and if the company only had known what is a stalking horse bid and used it.

The company of celebrity chef Mark McEwan files for creditor protection

On September 28, 2021, McEwan Enterprises Inc. (MEI), a premier hospitality company based in Toronto, Ontario, obtained protection under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) with a list of more than $10 million in liabilities. The company was founded by chef Mark McEwan.

In his early career, Chef McEwan worked as an executive chef at Toronto’s Sutton Place Hotel. In addition to mentoring budding chefs in his kitchens, Chef McEwan is also a judge on Food Network’s hit series Top Chef.

MEI at one time ran multiple dining establishments, and gourmet grocery stores, in addition to a catering service. Due to the negative impact on the hospitality industry of the coronavirus, MEI experienced significant losses and business challenges and found itself filing for bankruptcy protection under the CCAA.

what is a stalking horse

The owner of the Bloor-Yonge location opposes CCAA restructuring by celebrity chef Mark McEwan

MEI’s restructuring plan presented for bankruptcy court approval would involve Fairfax Financial Holdings Ltd and McEwan repurchasing the business under a specific asset purchase agreement by a new numbered company. With fewer grocery and restaurant locations, the business would retain its 268 employees and reduce lease obligations. The company’s restructuring plan in the CCAA proceedings focuses on effecting a going-concern sale transaction. That is, selling and transferring substantially all of its assets and many of its liabilities to a new entity formed by MEI’s current shareholders, Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited and Chef McEwan.

One of MEI’s creditors, the landlord of the Bloor-Yonge grocery store, opposed the plan. Based on its analysis of the situation, the court found that the proposed transaction did not meet the CCAA’s requirements for approval. Consequently, the sale, the centrepiece of the restructuring plan, failed to get bankruptcy court approval from the bankruptcy judge.

What is a stalking horse? Why did MEI’s proposed bankruptcy sale process fail?

MEI’s legal and financial advisers are excellent. They probably told Chef McEwan the MEI restructuring plan as presented to the court had little chance of success. It would shock me if they didn’t. Because I am not involved in the MEI CCAA proceeding, I can only guess that Chef McEwan ignored his advisors’ counsel, ignored financial and legal advice, rolled the dice, and lost.

Chef McEwan swore affidavits as part of MEI’s court application. According to him:

MEI’s value and success are dependent upon his continued involvement;
the MEI brand has become synonymous with his personal brand and television projects;
by inference, he implied that he would not cooperate with any third-party buyer, who would therefore not have his involvement; and
in his view, a third-party sales process was not necessary and could negatively affect the company’s operations.

I think it is never wise to go into court with a smug attitude or threaten non-cooperation with a third party, in addition to the legal issues I will explain shortly. If MEI had used a real bankruptcy auction process and a higher bidder was able to pay the amount of the purchase, the court would not care whether Chef McEwan would work for the new owner if it was not a condition of the potential purchaser’s offer.

Section 36(4) of the CCAA was at issue. Section 36(3) refers to the factors that a court should consider when considering a specific sale transaction. They are:

a reasonable process led to the proposed sale or disposition in the circumstances;
did the monitor approve the process;
is the monitor submitting a report to the court indicating that a sale or disposition would be more beneficial to the creditors than a sale or disposition under a pure bankruptcy liquidation;
to what extent have the creditors been consulted;
how the proposed sale or disposition will affect creditors and other interested parties;
considering their market value, determine whether the consideration to be received for the assets is reasonable and fair.

In this case, the purchaser was to a related party as described in section 36(4) of the CCAA. According to the law, a court may grant authorization only if it is satisfied that:

the assets were tried to be sold or otherwise disposed of to non-related parties in good faith;
in accordance with the process leading to the proposed sale or disposition, it offers a greater consideration than any other offer.

This was not the case with MEI. I won’t go into all the reasons for MEI’s CCAA bankruptcy sale failure in this what is a stalking horse Brandon Blog, as you can read all about them here. The bankruptcy judge determined that the facts of the case do not meet the requirements of section 36(4), thus the proposed transaction cannot be approved.

Accordingly, it was dismissed.

what is a stalking horse

What is a stalking horse? The competitive bidding process Chef McEwan should have used

The fatal flaw in MEI’s application for approval of the offer was their inability to prove to the court that there was not an even better offer in the marketplace because there was no sales process, possibly being an auction process. Chef McEwan should have used his offer as a stalking horse bid in a competitive auction process. He would have sought court approval for a court-supervised auction-type process. As long as they were fair, he could have set the bidding procedures, the bidding process timelines, and the bidding range through his stalking horse offer, and have the court approve it all at the bidding procedures hearing.

His offer would be exposed to the market, and he might be outbid. However, he was still in control of setting his offer. In terms of his approach, he chose to put MEI under the CCAA process, but once there, he had to adhere to the rules of that process. How could a stalking horse bidding process possibly work? Let’s find out.

What is a stalking horse? A court-supervised auction for bankruptcy sales

Typically, the debtor executes a binding stalking horse agreement with a purchaser against which higher and better offers can be solicited, and which stipulates that the stalking horse will be considered the highest and best offer if no competing bids are received. In order to achieve that goal, the debtor will ask the bankruptcy court to approve a competitive auction process and related bidding procedures.

An organization in distress can use the stalking horse bid method to avoid receiving low bids when selling its assets. Stalking horse bids are initial bids on insolvent company assets. Setting a low-end bidding bar prevents other bidders from underbidding the purchase price. Those wishing to participate in the stalking horse bid process and submit an offer after performing due diligence must submit a better offer than the stalking horse bid.

what is a stalking horse

What is a stalking horse and what are the advantages and disadvantages of a stalking horse bid?

There are certain advantages for a stalking horse bidder. Since the stalking horse bidder is the opening offer that sets the floor price for the assets or company, the insolvent company usually provides several incentives. To begin with, the stalking horse bidder has the opportunity to negotiate the legal and financial terms of an asset purchase agreement with the debtor that will serve as the floor price. Thus, the stalking horse bidder does not simply enter into an agreement negotiated by someone else that might not be exactly what it needs.

In addition, the stalking horse bidder may negotiate bidding options that discourage competitors from bidding, although the entire process needs to be fair to all parties. Thirdly, a stalking horse bidder gets to perform its due diligence first. The due diligence process involves verifying, investigating, or auditing all relevant facts and financial information of a potential deal or investment opportunity.

However, there is still a chance that someone else may outbid the stalking horse offer and, if they want the assets badly enough, they may even bid more than the liquidation value. In the MEI case, MEI failed to prove that accepting its offer would be better than liquidation through a receivership or bankruptcy proceeding. This was another MEI flaw.

Even if that were to happen, stalking horse offers always contain a break fee. When someone else wins, this money will be awarded to the stalking horse bidder. It must be possible to pay the break fee and still have a better offer than what the stalking horse bidder offered. As part of the stalking horse bidding process, the break fee is meant to compensate the stalking horse bidder for the time spent and as an expense reimbursement for the professional fees spent on doing their due diligence and allowing their offer to sit out there for everyone to see.

All the remaining steps follow a typical auction where the highest bidder wins the distressed company‘s assets.

What is a stalking horse recent well-known Canadian example?

Thanks for asking. The court-supervised auction of insolvent entertainment company Cirque du Soleil was conducted based on an offer made by Cirque du Soleil’s secured creditors. That creditor proposal replaced a shareholder offer as the stalking horse bid, which set the minimum requirements for potential rival bids. Also included in the successful bid was Cirque’s commitment to maintaining its headquarters in Montreal for at least five years.

The stalking horse sales process is well known in Canada bankruptcy courts, as you can see. In this process, the stalking horse bidder gains certain advantages while the distressed company and its assets are exposed to the market. After a public auction sale, the court is able to determine if there is or is not a better offer out there under a previous bankruptcy court-approved sales process. So I hope that you can now answer the question, what is a stalking horse?

what is a stalking horse

What next for the chef?

I guess it’s time to start fresh. Most of the time and money spent so far has been in vain. If MEI wants to make another shareholder offer, it will have to prove to the court that it met all the CCAA requirements.

What is a stalking horse summary?

I hope you found this what is a stalking horse Brandon Blog informative. Are you in financial distress and a debt crisis? Do you not have adequate funds to pay your financial obligations as they come due? Are you worried about what will happen to you in retirement? Do you need to find out what your debt relief options and realistic debt relief solutions for your family debt are?

Call the Ira Smith Team today. We have decades and generations of experience assisting people looking for life-changing debt solutions through a debt settlement plan and AVOID the bankruptcy process.

As licensed insolvency professionals, we are the only people accredited, acknowledged and supervised by the federal government to provide insolvency advice and to implement approaches to help you remain out of personal bankruptcy while eliminating your debts. A consumer proposal is a government-approved debt settlement plan to do that. It is an alternative to bankruptcy. We will help you decide on what is best for you between a consumer proposal vs bankruptcy.

Call the Ira Smith Team today so you can eliminate the stress, anxiety, and pain from your life that your financial problems have caused. With the one-of-a-kind roadmap, we develop just for you, we will immediately return you right into a healthy and balanced problem-free life.

You can have a no-cost analysis so we can help you fix your troubles.

Call the Ira Smith Team today. This will allow you to go back to a new healthy and balanced life, Starting Over Starting Now.

what is a stalking horse

Brandon Blog Post

BANKRUPTCY DISCHARGE ORDER: OBSESSED CREDITOR LOSES APPEAL OF THE DISCHARGE ORDER

Post author By Brandon Smith
Post date July 12, 2021

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Brandon Blog, please scroll to the very bottom and click play on the podcast.

What does bankruptcy discharge mean in Canada?

A bankruptcy filing is a form of insolvency process under Canadian bankruptcy law available to individuals and businesses. Bankruptcy deals with a person’s or company’s debt load and assets. After performing a detailed initial assessment, the licensed insolvency trustee will be in a position to advise the debtor if they will be better serviced through a restructuring process as an alternative to bankruptcy (consumer proposal or Division I Proposal for individuals, Division I Proposal or Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act bankruptcy protection for companies) with creditors, or whether the debtor will be better served filing for bankruptcy.

The final piece of any bankruptcy process for an individual is the bankruptcy discharge. Individuals who go bankrupt are entitled to a discharge from bankruptcy. Companies are only entitled to one if every bankruptcy claim filed is paid in full, with interest. Because this never happens, companies do not receive a bankruptcy discharge. It is not impossible, but for this reason, it really does not happen.

If you are thinking about filing an assignment in bankruptcy, then you may be wondering about the bankruptcy discharge process and how it will affect you. Many people think their debts are eliminated at the moment of their bankruptcy filing.

This is incorrect. It is the bankruptcy discharge that will remove all (with certain limited exceptions) of your unsecured debts from your life and will result in letting you move forward with a clean slate. In this Brandon Blog, I discuss the bankruptcy discharge process and a recent decision of the Supreme Court of British Columbia hearing an appeal to the decision of the Master sitting as bankruptcy registrar on a bankrupt’s application for discharge.

Bankruptcy discharge and its consequences for the bankrupt

When you are granted a bankruptcy discharge, this means that those debts caught by your bankruptcy are no longer your responsibility. This means that every action from creditors or the collection agencies they have retained stops trying to collect the debt obligations.

As I previously mentioned, most almost all debts are wiped off your slate when you receive your discharge from bankruptcy. The kinds of debts that remain even after a bankruptcy discharge are:

spousal or child support payments;
fines or penalties mandated by the court;
claims arising from fraud or fraudulent breach of trust;
student loan debt if less than 7 years have passed since the bankrupt stopped being a part-time or full-time student.
any kind of financial debts that are secured against your assets, such as a home mortgage or automobile financing, are not discharged as a result of your bankruptcy discharge.

These sorts of financial debts endure after bankruptcy as they are not released. The individual will be required to continue paying those financial obligations according to their terms. All various other financial obligations are discharged and do not have to be paid.

What are the types of bankruptcy discharge?

If there is no Trustee opposition or creditor opposition to a bankrupt’s application for discharge, and the bankrupt has fulfilled all of their duties of a bankrupt, in most situations, the licensed insolvency trustee can issue an automatic discharge which provides the bankrupt with an absolute discharge from bankruptcy.

If there is an opposition or the bankrupt meets one of the criteria that does not allow for an automatic discharge (such as the bankruptcy process finding the bankrupt a high income tax debt situation), there must be a discharge hearing in court which is heard by a Master of the court sitting as the registrar in bankruptcy. There are 4 types of bankruptcy discharge and a 5th bankruptcy outcome is also possible. They are:

absolute – an absolute discharge means the bankrupt is entitled to an immediate discharge. This can be given by the licensed insolvency trustee in the bankruptcy estate handling the bankruptcy administration if the bankrupt has fulfilled all of their duties and there is no trustee or creditor opposition;
conditional discharge – can get a discharge after meeting one or more conditions. The most common type of condition of discharge involves paying a sum of money to the licensed insolvency trustee;
suspended – the bankrupt’s discharge will take place at a later date and may very well be combined with either an absolute bankruptcy discharge or conditional bankruptcy discharge;
refused– the court refused to grant a bankruptcy discharge probably because the bankrupt has failed to provide full disclosure or perform other bankruptcy duties; or
“no order”– the Trustee advises the court that regardless of the time period that has passed, the bankrupt has actually not satisfied every one of his or her obligations and the bankrupt has actually failed to reply to the Trustee’s demands for information. In this situation, when the “no order” order is provided, the licensed insolvency trustee is at liberty to seek its discharge. Once the bankrupt person has actually fulfilled the requirements set by the court, the bankrupt can re-apply for a discharge hearing by the court.

Bankruptcy is a roughly 9-month legal process to eliminate debt

For a first-time bankrupt with no surplus income who fulfills of their duties, including attending the 2 mandatory credit counselling sessions, they are entitled to their bankruptcy discharge after a bankruptcy period of 9 months from the date of bankruptcy.

If this is your second bankruptcy a discharge will not be available after 9 months. A 2nd bankruptcy lasts for a minimum of 24 months if you do not have any surplus income payments to make to the Trustee. If you have surplus income, a second-time bankrupt must make those monthly payments for 36 months before they are entitled to a bankruptcy discharge.

For a 3rd or subsequent bankruptcy, the timeline is the same as the 2nd time bankrupt. However, it is much more possible that there will certainly be resistance to the discharge by the Trustee or the creditors. The court can also impose whatever conditions it sees fit.

Creditor objects to the decision of the Master on bankrupt’s application for discharge

On July 9, 2021, the decision in Hanlon (Re), 2021 BCSC 1348 in the Supreme Court of British Columbia was released. This was an appeal from an order by the bankruptcy registrar of the Supreme Court of British Columbia dated April 28, 2021 in Hanlon (Re), 2021 BCSC 800, VA B190492. This is an appeal under s. 192(4) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. B-3 (BIA), from an order of a master of that Court, sitting as a registrar in bankruptcy, granting the bankrupt, Mr. Hanlon, a bankruptcy discharge that was made conditional on his paying $7,500 to the Trustee.

The appellant, Ms. Johnson, is one of Mr. Hanlon’s creditors. She states that the registrar erred in approving the discharge on those terms. If the appeal is allowed, she looks for an order refusing Mr. Hanlon’s application for a discharge, with leave to apply again in two years, or alternatively, giving a discharge conditional on his paying $50,000. The appeal is opposed by both Mr. Hanlon the bankrupt, and the Trustee. The appeal was heard by Judge Milman, Canada’s bankruptcy legislation, the BIA states that a person dissatisfied with an order or decision of a registrar can appeal that decision to a judge of that court who in that capacity is sitting as a bankruptcy judge.

The alleged errors made by the registrar in the making of the order of conditional discharge

Ms. Johnson argued that the registrar made certain errors in granting the conditional bankruptcy discharge order. Ms. Johnson says that in granting the bankruptcy discharge on those terms, the registrar erred as follows:

in concluding that Mr. Hanlon had complied with the injunction resulting from Ms. Johnson’s original successful litigation against Mr. Hanlon when he had not;
in falling short to take into account Mr. Hanlon’s refusal to agree with the accuracy of the trial judge; and
in failing to consider Mr. Hanlon’s real income earning potential.

The standard of review on such an appeal

There is a standard of review on such an appeal from an order of a bankruptcy discharge hearing. S. 192(1) of the BIA gives the bankruptcy registrar the authority to, amongst other things, grant orders of discharge. S. 192(4) of the BIA allows a party dissatisfied with an order or decision of a
registrar may appeal it to a judge.

In granting an order of discharge in the bankruptcy process, the registrar is exercising judicial discretion. If the registrar has acted reasonably, the judge should not set it aside or ignore it. Further, if an appeal from a bankruptcy discharge order is based on alleged errors in findings of fact, the court will not interfere if there is no overriding error in the findings of fact and there is evidence from which the findings of fact could be made. Discretionary decisions may, naturally, be overturned if the registrar has materially misinterpreted the law or made an error in respect of the facts underlying the use of that discretion.

When a registrar’s decision in a bankruptcy discharge hearing imposes conditions, those conditions must be realistic for the bankrupt to perform in a reasonable period of time. Where the amount ordered was unrealistic and the bankrupt’s discharge is conditional on making additional payments, the appeal court did hold that results in an error of law and the appellate judge can either substitute the conditions or refer the matter back to the registrar for reconsideration.

**The judge’s decision on the appeal from the registrar’s bankruptcy discharge order**

The judge dismissed the appeal finding there were no overriding errors made by the registrar. With respect to the amount of $7,500 ordered as a condition of discharge from bankruptcy, the judge found as follows:

Ms. Johnson says that the registrar did not consider Mr. Hanlon’s untapped earning capacity and instead concentrated practically completely on her arguments of his potential inheritance. She suggests that Mr. Hanlon could be earning more than he is. In her opinion, he could earn more to enable him to make a settlement of $50,000 rather than the $7,500 that was ordered.

Mr. Hanlon’s real historic earnings offered adequate assistance for the registrar’s verdict that he was incapable of paying any more than the $7,500 that she ordered for him, did not have the financial prospects himself to do so and without getting personal loans from family members to help him with that. That was properly decided by the registrar based on the evidence before her.

The judge found that there is no merit in this or any other of the grounds of appeal. He found no error in the registrar’s decision, and having found the discharge condition that she imposed to have been reasonable in the circumstances, he dismissed the appeal.

Bankruptcy discharge summary

I hope that you found this bankruptcy discharge Brandon Blog interesting and that you now have a good appreciation for the process at the end of the administration for a person who files for bankruptcy and the considerations of the court if someone appeals a bankruptcy discharge order. Problems will arise when you are cash-starved and in debt. There are several insolvency processes available to a person or company with too much debt.

If you are concerned because you or your business are dealing with substantial debt challenges, you need debt help and you assume bankruptcy is your only option, call me.

It is not your fault that you remain in this way. You have actually been only shown the old ways to try to deal with financial issues. These old ways do not work anymore.

The Ira Smith Team utilizes new modern-day ways to get you out of your debt difficulties with debt relief options as alternatives to bankruptcy. We can get you the relief you need and so deserve. Our professional advice will create for you a personalized debt-free plan for you or your company during our no-cost initial consultation.

The tension put upon you is big. We know your discomfort factors. We will check out your entire situation and design a new approach that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. We will take the weight off of your shoulders and blow away the dark cloud hanging over you. We will design a debt settlement strategy for you. We know that we can help you now.

We understand that people and businesses facing financial issues need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” method with the Ira Smith Team. Not everyone has to file bankruptcy in Canada. The majority of our clients never do as we know the alternatives to bankruptcy. We help many people and companies stay clear of filing an assignment in bankruptcy.

That is why we can establish a new restructuring procedure for paying down debt that will be built just for you. It will be as one-of-a-kind as the economic issues and discomfort you are encountering. If any one of these seems familiar to you and you are serious about getting the solution you need to become debt-free, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. group today.

Call us now for a no-cost bankruptcy consultation.

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

Tags action from creditors, alternative to bankruptcy, application for discharge, assignment in bankruptcy, automatic discharge, bankruptcy deals, bankruptcy discharge, bankruptcy duties, bankruptcy estate, bankruptcy filing, Bankruptcy Judge, bankruptcy law, bankruptcy legislation, bankruptcy outcome, bankruptcy period, bankruptcy process, bankruptcy protection, Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act, condition of discharge, condition of discharge from bankruptcy, conditional discharge, Consumer Proposal, creditor opposition, date of bankruptcy, debt load, debt obligations, discharge hearing, Division I Proposal, duties of a bankrupt, files for bankruptcy, filing for bankruptcy, income tax debt, Ira Smith Trustee, licensed insolvency trustee, mandatory credit counselling sessions, surplus income, Trustee opposition, unsecured debts

Brandon Blog Post

TRUSTEE IN BANKRUPTCY: CERTAIN ACTIONS AGAINST TRUSTEE CAN BE UNLEASHED WITHOUT FIRST REQUIRING COURT PERMISSION

Post author By Brandon Smith
Post date June 21, 2021

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

If you would prefer to listen to the audio version of this Brandon Blog, please scroll to the very bottom and click play on the podcast.

Trustee in Bankruptcy: No action against Trustees without leave of court

Canadian insolvency laws say that there cannot be any legal action against trustees in bankruptcy (now called a licensed insolvency trustee) without the prior leave of the court. The leave application, more often than not, would be brought before a Bankruptcy Judge. However, as you will see below, any Judge of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice could hear such an application involving a trustee in bankruptcy.

Section 215 of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA) protects the Canadian bankruptcy laws for all officials in the bankruptcy process, including the bankruptcy trustee:

“215 Except by leave of the court, no action lies against the Superintendent, an official receiver, an interim receiver or a trustee with respect to any report made under, or any action taken pursuant to, this Act.”

In my January 9, 2019, Brandon Blog, PRIVACY BREACH LAWSUIT AGAINST LICENSED INSOLVENCY TRUSTEE FAILS, I described one attempt that failed to obtain leave of the court to begin litigation against a trustee in bankruptcy.

Our bankruptcy and insolvency courts believe that the test to determine whether a court should use its discretion to give leave for litigation to be commenced against either a trustee in bankruptcy or a court-appointed receiver was not a tough test. The protection is only to ensure that the receiver or trustee in bankruptcy is protected against senseless or burdensome actions that have no basis.

In this Brandon Blog, I describe a recent Ontario court decision that further clarifies a basis for when the court will exercise its discretion and allow litigation against a licensed trustee in bankruptcy. As the Motions Judge used the old terminology, I will stick with it in this blog.

Action against the trustee in bankruptcy background

The Motion Judge‘s Endorsement was released on May 31, 2021. The Endorsement was from a motion by the plaintiff for a determination as to whether or not leave of the court under S.215 of the BIA was required. The plaintiff’s position was that it was not, but if it was, such leave should be granted. The defendant trustee in bankruptcy’s position was that leave was required and should not be granted.

The plaintiff, Mr. Flight, ended up filing bankruptcy proceedings 4 times over a 13 year period of time! He filed the same type of bankruptcy over and over again! He claims his financial situation is the fault of the defendant trustee in bankruptcy. He used the same trustee in bankruptcy for all of his bankruptcies! It is not clear in this motion how the trustee is responsible for his having to file personal bankruptcy all those times.

Mr. Flight brings on litigation against the trustee in bankruptcy claiming negligence, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and conversion. The complainant claims the accused failed to identify and take suitable action relating to a fraud perpetrated by the bookkeeper for Mr. Flight’s sole proprietorship business.

The plaintiff’s amended claim seeks a declaration the defendant engaged in misfeasance, negligence, fraud and breach of fiduciary duty in his personal capacity, and that the defendant was unjustly enriched.

The plaintiff’s claim against the trustee in bankruptcy

The main subject matter of the claim alleges the bookkeeper’s theft caused the plaintiff’s repeated bankruptcies and that the defendant trustee in bankruptcy ought to have detected this fraud in the administration of the four bankruptcies.

The plaintiff maintains that the trustee in bankruptcy then failed to take any meaningful action to address the alleged fraud and its impact on the fourth bankruptcy after its discovery. In particular, the plaintiff claims the trustee failed to diligently commence an action against the former bookkeeper, failed to investigate the fraud, failed to adjust the plaintiff’s surplus income, failed to recommend debt relief options or financial options, and certainly no other possible insolvency process such as a consumer proposal alternative to bankruptcy and failed to have the plaintiff promptly discharged from his fourth bankruptcy.

The defendant’s alleged “grand failure to act” caused Mr. Flight damages of $10 million from loss of business, loss of profit, loss of income and pain and suffering.

The court’s analysis

As I mentioned above, the threshold issue under Canadian insolvency legislation is whether the plaintiff required leave to commence this action. If it is determined that leave is required, the analysis then moves to whether the claim meets the test for leave.

The Motion Judge stated that there is authority to support the plaintiff’s position that the insolvency laws state that leave is not required where the trustee in bankruptcy is being sued in its personal capacity.

More particularly, the Supreme Court of Canada held that the leave provision under the BIA is not to be interpreted as though it applied to any action arising out of the administration of the estate. That is not the way section 215 is worded. To allege that the trustee in bankruptcy made an act of omission is a claim that is not concerning a report made under or any action taken according to the BIA.

Trustee in bankruptcy: The court’s decision

The plaintiff alleges causes of action against the trustee in bankruptcy in his personal capacity in their amended statement of claim and affidavit materials for negligence, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and conversion starting with the confidential consultation and with each bankruptcy assignment. The Motion Judge concluded that the plaintiff does not require leave under s. 215 of the BIA to commence this action. Based on this conclusion, the Motion Judge did not need to consider anything further.

You will observe as I previously stated, none of the court’s evaluation had anything to do with whether the claims had a possibility of success in its litigation legal process. The Motion Judge, who was not a Bankruptcy Judge but rather a Motion Judge felt the accusations were such that they were not purposeless or burdensome actions that have no basis.

As the main action will now proceed, I will follow the case to find out the exact details and the various bankruptcy claims that Mr. Flight is making regarding the conduct of trustees involved. As the case is reported, I will report to you.

Finding a good, Licensed Insolvency Trustee (Trustee In Bankruptcy) Near You

I hope that you found this trustee in bankruptcy Brandon Blog interesting. If you are concerned because you or your business are dealing with substantial debt challenges and you assume bankruptcy is your only option, call me.

It is not your fault that you remain in this way. You have actually been only shown the old ways to try to deal with financial issues. These old ways do not work anymore.

Call us now for a no-cost bankruptcy consultation.

We hope that you and your family are safe, healthy and secure during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. is absolutely operational and Ira, in addition to Brandon Smith, is readily available for a telephone consultation or video meeting.

Brandon Blog Post

NRA IN THE NEWS UPDATE: MY CANADIAN VIEW OF THE DECEPTIVE NRA BANKRUPTCY CASE DISMISSAL

Post author By Brandon Smith
Post date May 19, 2021

NRA In The News: Why did the NRA file for bankruptcy?

The National Rifle Association (NRA) is America’s gun advocacy organization being the gun rights champion of Second Amendment rights. This independent organization promotes the right to bear arms. Last January 15 it filed for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy declaration did not expose that it was in a financial mess. The NRA, which is known for its aggressive efforts to lobby against gun control laws, filed not because of its financial condition, but for a different reason.

In my January 20, 2021 blog titled: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION FILES FOR BANKRUPTCY ANNOUNCES PLAN TO MOVE TO TEXAS FOR FREEDOM, I described why it made its voluntary petition bankruptcy filing under Chapter 11 of the United States Federal Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas in Dallas.

In that Brandon Blog, I described why New York Attorney General Letitia James filed a lawsuit looking to dissolve the National Rifle Association, the largest most significant pro-gun organization in the USA. Attorney General James claims the organization with financial misconduct and unlawful conduct including financial abuses, spending millions of dollars on things like personal expenses, personal trips and other questionable expenditures. The purpose of the NRA bankruptcy filing was to dissolve itself in New York State while evading prosecution. It then planned to reincorporate in the State of Texas.

Recently, NRA in the news arose again. This time it was because a federal Bankruptcy Judge dismissed the NRA bankruptcy case. This permits New York to proceed in its initiative to dissolve the gun-rights group for alleged fraud and abuse.

In this Brandon Blog, I describe the NRA in the news bankruptcy filing case and its dismissal and what would happen in a similar Canadian insolvency case.

NRA in the news: How might bankruptcy help the NRA reincorporate?

When a person or company makes insolvency filing, that generally stops actual or pending litigation while giving more time to analyze exactly how to manage the financial difficulties. In Canada, the stoppage of lawsuits is called a “stay of proceedings”. However, in Canada, the stay of proceedings just relates to lawsuits for the collection of a debt.

Litigation, such as the pending lawsuit of the New York attorney general against the NRA, has nothing to do with proving or collecting on a debt. Rather, it is to prove that laws have been broken. My view is that in Canada, if the insolvency filing was not thrown out entirely, such as it was in this case, for sure the government would be able to get leave of the court to either begin or continue its litigation.

So the powerful gun-rights group thought that if it filed its voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition for bankruptcy protection, it could buy itself the time it needed to dissolve, stop the New York State legal action and then reincorporate in the gun-friendly state of Texas.

NRA in the news: Is bankruptcy justified?

Concurrent with its bankruptcy filing, the NRA stupidly made a public statement that it isn’t insolvent or bankrupt saying it is in “its strongest financial condition in years.” This was not a very smart thing to do, as the US Bankruptcy Code is to help insolvent people and companies. That is just begging for a bankruptcy dismissal.

In Canada, in order to do a traditional bankruptcy filing under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (BIA), the debtor must be insolvent. The BIA defines an insolvent person as an individual or company who:

is not bankrupt;
who lives, carries on business or has assets in Canada;
whose debts owing to creditors that are provable claims total at least one thousand dollars, and also:
- for any type of reason unable to pay their debts when due;
- has stopped paying liabilities in the regular course as they usually come due; or
- the aggregate of the property is not, at a fair assessment, enough, if sold at a properly conducted sale, to pay off all debts currently or about to become due.

A licensed insolvency trustee should not accept an assignment in bankruptcy from anyone filing bankruptcy from a party whose Statement of Affairs shows they are not insolvent and if accepted, should not be allowed by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy. A court would certainly not make a Bankruptcy Order in such a situation.

Since the NRA stated that it was not insolvent, which is a condition precedent to file under the US Bankruptcy Code, you can see why NRA in the news for its voluntary bankruptcy petition in the face of the New York Attorney General litigation was very controversial. That is what US bankruptcy experts thought as they predicted that under US bankruptcy law, the court would agree with the opposition by the Justice Department to the NRA bankruptcy plan.

However, there are times when bankruptcy proceedings are appropriate. First, you need to start with the basic premise that the individual, business or company is insolvent. Bankruptcy is one of the more drastic ways people can address their financial problems. It’s a complex topic, and you need to know that there are options other than bankruptcy that can address your situation.

A licensed insolvency trustee can advise you of your options. Some of the factors that may influence whether you should file for bankruptcy or one of the debt settlement options available under the BIA include:

How much you owe;
How long you owe;
The terms of your loan and other debts;
Your ability to repay;
The presence of co-signers;
What are your assets and liabilities;
Steady employment or self-employment income;
How you’ve previously handled your debts;
Your age and employment situation; and
Your future plans.

This list is by no means exhaustive, but it is a good start. The Canadian insolvency system is designed to give the honest but unfortunate debtor a fresh start in life.

NRA in the news: Judge Dismisses NRA Bankruptcy Case, Heightening Risk For Dissolution Of Group

Given the Justice Department’s legal challenge to the NRA filing, there needed to be a bankruptcy trial. The controversial NRA has had a rough few years in the media, with everything from their pro-guns stance to their lack of concern about the deaths of American schoolchildren being brought up. However, it seems their woes are not over yet.

NRA in the news arose yet again. Federal Judge Harlin Hale dismisses the NRA Chapter 11 bankruptcy case due to the fact that he viewed the bankruptcy as not filed in good faith. Judge Harlin stated that he believed the NRA’s objective in filing bankruptcy is much less like a typical bankruptcy case in which a debtor is faced with financial problems, such as a judgment that it cannot pay off. Rather, it was filed in bad faith like instances in which courts have discovered bankruptcy was filed for gaining an unfair advantage in litigation or to avoid a regulatory scheme.

The ruling followed a lengthy 12-day bankruptcy trial in Dallas, Texas. NRA president, Wayne LaPierre, acknowledged keeping the NRA into Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing secret without the understanding or acceptance of the majority of the group’s 76-member board of directors as well as various other top officers.

Could this happen in Canada? Definitely. When a filing is made or a Bankruptcy Order made under the BIA either by/against a person or company and it is shown that the filing/Bankruptcy Order ought not to have been made, the court has the authority to either annul the bankruptcy, set aside a Bankruptcy Order or otherwise terminate the proceedings.

Each situation will rest on its own unique set of factors. In general, if it can be shown that the debtor was not insolvent but the filing was done for some other purpose, such as in the NRA Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the court can annul the bankruptcy filing. The same is true if it is shown that the filing was not made in good faith or that the debtor was attempting to commit fraud on the creditors.

NRA in the news: NRA Bankruptcy Case Is Dismissed. What Happens Next?

With the bankruptcy case of the NRA dismissed, the NRA says it plans to re-file the case in September. The NRA says that the documents filed in court do not reflect the true financials of the association and that the organization has fallen victim to an anti-gun group that is bent on destroying it. The NRA now claims the Chapter 11 filing was to get out from under its debts that it could not pay.

We shall see what transpires next. In the meantime, New York Attorney General Letitia James is free to pursue the NRA. No doubt we will see NRA in the news soon again.

NRA in the news summary

I hope you enjoyed the NRA in the news Brandon Blog post. A bad faith insolvency filing is luckily rare in Canada. However, something like the NRA filing could happen. Canadian courts have the ability to either annul or set aside a filing by a non-insolvent debtor filed for a fraudulent purpose or to misuse the Canadian insolvency system.

Are you worried because you just lost your job through no fault of your own? Is your business dealing with substantial debt challenges and financial problems due to your largest customer failing to perform and pay your company? Do you assume bankruptcy is your only option? Call me. It is not your fault that you remain in this way. You have actually been only shown the old ways to try to deal with financial issues. These old ways do not work anymore.

The Ira Smith Team utilizes new modern-day ways to get you out of your debt difficulties while avoiding bankruptcy. We can get you the relief you need and so deserve.

The tension put upon you is big. We know your discomfort factors. We will check out your entire situation and design a new approach that is as unique as you and your problems; financial and emotional. We will take the weight off of your shoulders and blow away the dark cloud hanging over you. We will design a debt settlement strategy for you. We know that we can help you now.

We understand that people and businesses facing financial issues need a realistic lifeline. There is no “one solution fits all” method with the Ira Smith Team. Not everyone has to file bankruptcy in Canada. The majority of our clients never do. We help many people and companies stay clear of bankruptcy.

That is why we can establish a new restructuring procedure for paying down debt that will be built just for you. It will be as one-of-a-kind as the economic issues and discomfort you are encountering. If any one of these seems familiar to you and you are serious about getting the solution you need, contact the Ira Smith Trustee & Receiver Inc. group today.

Call us now for a no-cost consultation.

We will get you or your business back up driving to healthy and balanced trouble-free operations and get rid of the discomfort factors in your life, Starting Over, Starting Now.